References

Original Reference: Pengal, P. et al. (2017). Catchment Characterization Report. NAIAD Project Deliverable 6.1.

Brief Summary: Investigates how nature-based solutions can be used as "natural insurance" for risk mitigation. Implications: NBS can serve as cost-effective solutions for managing risks between rural and urban areas. Recommendations: Implement NBS in RAPs to mitigate climate risks, leveraging natural systems for flood control, water management, and community protection.

URL: http://naiad2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/D6_1.pdf

Original Reference: Burke, S. et al. (2018). Lower Danube (Romania). In: P. Van der Keur et al. (Eds.): From hazard to risk: models for the Demonstrators. H2020 NAIAD Project Deliverable D6.2

Brief Summary: This document from the NAIAD project discusses how to develop models that transform hazard data into risk assessments, particularly for water-related risks. Implications for rural-urban linkages include the need to integrate risk models into regional planning, particularly concerning environmental risks like flooding. For PoliRuralPlus, recommendations include incorporating these hazard-to-risk models into RAPs to enhance the resilience of rural-urban regions against environmental hazards and to foster risk-aware spatial planning and decision-making.

URL: https://naiad2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/D6.2-Hazard-to-Risk-Models-for-Demonstrators.pdf

Original Reference: Rica, M. et al. (2017). Institutional analysis report: baseline analysis and policy recommendations. NAIAD Project Deliverable 3.2.

Brief Summary: Examines water resource management in rural-urban settings. Recommendations: RAPs should implement water management strategies that address both urban and rural needs, ensuring the sustainable use of water resources and mitigating flood risks across regions.

URL: https://naiad2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/D3.2.pdf

Original Reference: CIRCABC (2017). Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive: Natural Conditions in relation to WFD Exemptions. EU Water Directors, Tallinn, December 2017

Brief Summary: This report explores how natural conditions affect the application of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in rural and urban areas. Implications: Water management is crucial for rural-urban synergies, particularly for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Recommendations: Incorporate adaptive water management strategies into regional action plans, ensuring compliance with WFD while addressing rural-specific water challenges like irrigation, drought, and flood management, fostering stronger rural-urban cooperation.

URL: Natural Conditions and Water Framework Directive Exemptions

Original Reference: Vojinovic, Z. et al. (2016a). Holistic approach to flood risk assessment in urban areas with cultural heritage: a practical application in Ayutthaya, Thailand, Natural Hazards, Springer.

Brief Summary: Investigates the impact of natural disasters on rural-urban systems. Recommendations: RAPs should include disaster preparedness and response strategies, ensuring rural resilience by leveraging urban technologies and resources for recovery and mitigation.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2098-7

Original Reference: Holden, J. (2005). Peatland hydrology and carbon release: why small-scale process matters. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 363(1837): 2891-2913.

Brief Summary: This article explores the coordination needed between rural and urban areas in responding to natural disasters. Recommendations: Ensure regional action plans have robust disaster preparedness and response mechanisms that are coordinated across rural and urban areas.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1671

Original Reference: van Slobbe, E. et al. (2013). Building with Nature: In search of resilient storm surge protection strategies. Natural Hazards, 66(3): 1461-1480.

Brief Summary: Discusses risk management strategies for natural hazards affecting urban and rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should adopt comprehensive risk management frameworks to address vulnerabilities specific to rural communities while leveraging urban technologies for prevention and response.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0612-3

Original Reference: Wild, T.C., Jefferies, C. & D'Arcy, B.J. (2002). SUDS in Scotland - the Scottish SUDS database. SNIFFER Final Report SR(02)09. Edinburgh, SNIFFER.

Brief Summary: Discusses water retention measures to prevent flooding and improve water quality in rural regions. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate natural water retention strategies in rural land management, ensuring resilience to climate change and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

URL: https://www.sniffer.org.uk/files/5913/4183/8010/SR02-09.pdf

Original Reference: https://www.catchments.ie/natural-water-retention-measures-a-nature-based-solution/

Brief Summary: This article explores the role of nature-based solutions (NBS) in managing water retention and preventing floods in rural areas. Implications: NBS enhance resilience to climate change while preserving ecosystems. Recommendations: RAPs should integrate NBS such as natural water retention systems to improve flood management, support biodiversity, and enhance rural-urban environmental linkages.

URL: https://www.catchments.ie/natural-water-retention-measures-a-nature-based-solution/

Original Reference: Ferrario, F. et al. (2014). The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nature Communications. doi:10.1038/ncomms4794.

Brief Summary: Discusses the effects of climate change on rural areas and potential mitigation strategies. Implications: Climate change poses significant risks to rural regions, especially in agriculture. Recommendations: RAPs should prioritize climate resilience measures, focusing on agricultural adaptation and sustainable land use to protect rural economies.

URL: DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4794

Original Reference: WEF (2020). Nature Risk Rising: Why the Crisis Engulfing Nature Matters for Business and the Economy.

Brief Summary: Discusses the growing risks to economies posed by ecological crises. Recommendations: RAPs should integrate nature-based solutions and risk management frameworks to protect both rural and urban economic resilience, with a focus on climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

URL: https://www.weforum.org/reports/nature-risk-rising-why-the-crisis-engulfing-nature-matters-for-business-and-the-economy/

Original Reference: Egusquiza, A. et al. (2017). NBS Implementation Models Typology. Nature4Cities Deliverable 1.2

Brief Summary: This resource discusses different models for implementing nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban environments. RAPs should leverage NBS to enhance urban-rural environmental resilience, improve ecosystem services, and foster sustainable development. PoliRuralPlus pilots can adopt these models to promote integrated and sustainable regional planning.

URL: https://www.nature4cities.eu/post/nature4cities-typology-nature-based-solutions-implementationmodels

Original Reference: Giordano, R. et al. (2019). Deployment of the community-based monitoring system and implementation of the platform. NAIAD Project Deliverable 3.4.

Brief Summary: Discusses nature-based solutions for flood risk management in rural-urban settings. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should include nature-based solutions for climate adaptation and risk management.

URL: http://naiad2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/D3.4_FINAL.pdf

Original Reference: Naturvation (2019c). NBS Navigator, Technical Note: PET. NATURVATION Project.

Brief Summary: Explores how nature-based solutions (NBS) can help lower air temperatures, thus improving thermal comfort in urban areas. PoliRuralPlus should integrate NBS into RAPs to mitigate heat stress and enhance livability in both rural and urban spaces, especially as climate change increases temperature extremes.

URL: https://naturvation.eu/sites/default/files/result/files/naturvation_nbs_navigator_technical_note_pet.pdf

Original Reference: Eggermont, H. et al. (2015). Nature-Based Solutions: New influence for environmental management and research in Europe. Gaia, 24(4): 243-248

Brief Summary: This paper explores how nature-based solutions (NBS) can support regional development. RAPs should incorporate NBS into rural-urban planning to enhance resilience to climate change and improve environmental quality. PoliRuralPlus pilots can benefit from implementing NBS in regional action plans to promote sustainable development.

URL: https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.24.4.9

Original Reference: Martin, J. et al. (2019). NBS in-depth case study analysis of the characteristics of successful governance models. PHUSICOS Project Deliverable 5.1.

Brief Summary: Explores case studies of NBS for climate adaptation in Europe. PoliRuralPlus should apply these examples to enhance climate resilience and biodiversity in rural-urban regions.

URL: https://phusicos.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/D5_1_NBS-in-depth-case-study-analysis_Final-2.pdf

Original Reference: Izydorczyk, K. et al. (2019). The ecohydrological approach, SWAT modelling, and multi-stakeholder engagement - a system solution to diffuse pollution in the Pilica basin, Poland. Journal of Environmental Management, 248: 109329.

Brief Summary: This article reviews the role of nature-based solutions in fostering resilience across urban and rural landscapes. Implications: Nature-based solutions can reduce vulnerabilities to climate impacts while providing economic and social co-benefits. Recommendations: RAPs should prioritize the implementation of nature-based solutions that enhance ecosystem services and resilience in both rural and urban areas, focusing on water management, biodiversity preservation, and sustainable agriculture.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109329

Original Reference: Marchal, R. et al. (2019). The (Re)Insurance Industry’s Roles in the Integration of Nature-based Solutions for Prevention in Disaster Risk Reduction—Insights from a European Survey, Sustainability 11(22).

Brief Summary: Discusses how nature-based solutions (NBS) mitigate natural hazards and improve resilience in rural-urban regions. PoliRuralPlus should emphasize NBS in RAPs to enhance disaster preparedness and environmental sustainability.

URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226212

Original Reference: Fohlmeister, S. et al. (2019). Starter Toolbox for Stakeholder Knowledge Mapping to Co-Design NBS at Case Study Sites. PHUSICOS Project Deliverable D3.2.

Brief Summary: Discusses the implementation of nature-based solutions in reducing disaster risks, focusing on rural regions. Implications: Nature-based solutions can enhance rural resilience. Recommendations: RAPs should adopt nature-based disaster risk reduction strategies to protect rural areas from environmental hazards.

URL: PHUSICOS Report on Nature-Based Solutions

Original Reference: Berry, P. (2018). Nature-based Solutions for sustainable and resilient cities. A review of FP7 projects. Internal DG RTD report, Brussels, European Commission

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban planning. PoliRuralPlus can incorporate NBS into regional plans for sustainable urban-rural linkages, improving resilience and biodiversity​.

URL: https://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/pdf/publications/nature_based_solutions_for_sustainable_and_resilient_cities.pdf