References

Original Reference: Bryonny Goodwin-Hawkins, Theresia Oedl-Wieser, Ulla Ovaska, Aimee Morse, “Rural service hubs and socially innovative rural-urban linkages: A conceptual framework for nexogenous development”, Rural service hubs and socially innovative rural-urban linkages: A conceptual framework for nexogenous development - Bryonny Goodwin-Hawkins, Theresia Oedl-Wieser, Ulla Ovaska, Aimee Morse, 2021 (sagepub.com), Sage Journals, Volume 36, Issue 7-8, https://doi.org/10.1177/02690942221082040

Brief Summary: Focuses on the Smart Village concept as a means to strengthen rural-urban connectivity. Implications for PoliRuralPlus include adopting digital solutions and smart technologies in rural areas to foster rural resilience and development. RAPs should promote infrastructure that supports smart agriculture, digital literacy, and sustainable energy projects in rural areas to strengthen ties with urban centers .

URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/02690942221082040

Original Reference: Halseth G, Markey S, Ryser L (2018) Introduction. In: Halseth G, Markey S, Ryser L (eds) Service Provision and Rural Sustainability: Infrastructure and Innovation. London, UK: Routledge, 3–18. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Reviews the economic transitions in rural-urban development. PoliRuralPlus should ensure RAPs focus on smooth transitions from rural to urban economies, fostering economic diversification and local job creation.

URL: https://rem-main.rem.sfu.ca/papers/markey/9781138483736_preview.pdf

Original Reference: Tendil, M. (2022), Inscriptions scolaires : ces jeunes couples qui quittent les métropoles, Banque des Territoires

Brief Summary: This article discusses trends where young couples are moving from cities to rural areas, driven by lifestyle choices and the affordability of rural living. Implication: PoliRuralPlus pilots should consider improving rural infrastructure and services (e.g., schools and childcare) to retain and attract young families, leveraging remote work opportunities.

URL: https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/inscriptions-scolaires-ces-jeunes-couples-qui-quittent-les-metropoles

Original Reference: Dachs, B. and B. Peters (2014), “Innovation, employment growth, and foreign ownership of firms”, Research Policy, Vol. 43/1, pp. 214-232

Brief Summary: This article discusses policy frameworks in science and innovation and suggests integrating innovation policy with environmental and regional development goals. It supports the use of foresight methodologies, as seen in PoliRuralPlus, to anticipate future challenges and opportunities in rural-urban policy integration.

URL: Research Policy Journal

Original Reference: Scottish Government (2018), Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification 2016

Brief Summary: Defines the urban-rural classification system in Scotland. Implications: Understanding rural classifications is key for policy design. Recommendations: RAPs should use classification systems to tailor policies that address the unique needs of remote rural areas【34†source】【35†source】.

URL: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-government-urban-rural-classification2016/pages/2/#:~

Original Reference: Goodwin-Hawkins B, Oedl-Wieser T, Bauchinger L, et al. (2020) Rural Service Hubs. Short Report of public infrastructure and social service CoP of ROBUST Horizon2020 project. Available at: https://rural-urban.eu/sites/default/files/ROBUST_short-report_service-hubs_FINAL_JULY2020.pdf (accessed 27 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Focuses on service hubs as mechanisms to bridge rural-urban gaps. Recommendations for PoliRuralPlus include integrating service hubs in RAPs to ensure better resource sharing and access to services across rural and urban areas.

URL: https://rural-urban.eu/sites/default/files/ROBUST_short-report_service-hubs_FINAL_JULY2020.pdf

Original Reference: Furuseth O (1998) Service provision and social deprivation. In: Ilbery B (ed) The Geography of Rural Change. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 233–256. Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Investigates how gaps in service provision contribute to social deprivation in rural regions. Implications: Rural-urban disparities in service provision exacerbate social and economic inequalities. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on reducing service provision gaps by investing in rural healthcare, education, and social infrastructure.

URL: Service Provision and Social Deprivation

Original Reference: Polman N, Slee B, Kluvánková T, et al. (2017) Classification of Social Innovations for Marginalized Rural Areas. ■■■: Horizon 2020 SIMRA project deliverable 2.1. Available at: http://www.simra-h2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/D2.1-Classification-of-SI-for-MRAs-in-the-target-region.pdf (accessed 27 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Discusses social innovations in marginalized rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should support social innovation initiatives that empower rural communities, particularly those addressing socio-economic disparities, by connecting rural populations to urban resources and markets.

URL: http://www.simra-h2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/D2.1-Classification-of-SI-for-MRAs-in-the-target-region.pdf

Original Reference: Reuters (2022), “So long Toronto: COVID-19 pandemic hastens Canada’s urban exodus | Reuters”, Reuters.com, https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/so-long-toronto-covid-19- pandemic-hastens-canadas-urban-exodus-2022-01-13/ (accessed on 23 February 2022). [68

Brief Summary: Discusses how COVID-19 accelerated urban-to-rural migration in Canada. Recommendations: RAPs should enhance rural infrastructure and digital services to accommodate this trend, ensuring rural areas can support the influx of new residents.

URL: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/so-long-toronto-covid-19-pandemic-hastens-canadas-urban-exodus-2022-01-13

Original Reference: Spigel, B. & Harrison, R. (2017), Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2018, 12:151–168

Brief Summary: Examines how social entrepreneurship can drive rural-urban integration. Implications: Social enterprises can create opportunities for collaboration and innovation between rural and urban areas. Recommendations: RAPs should support social entrepreneurship initiatives that address shared rural-urban challenges, such as unemployment and access to services​.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1268

Original Reference: Lättman K, Friman M, Olsson LE (2016) Perceived accessibility of public transport as a potential indicator of social inclusion. Social Inclusion 4(3): 36–45. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of social inclusion in economic development. RAPs should prioritize inclusive policies that promote equal opportunities in rural-urban economic growth.

URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/481

Original Reference: Mayer, H. (2020), “Slow Innovation in Europe’s Peripheral Regions: Innovation beyond Acceleration”, ISR-Forschungsberichte, Vol. 51, pp. 8-21

Brief Summary: Discusses how social inclusion can drive regional development. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should prioritize inclusive policies that foster equity and social cohesion between rural and urban areas.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1553/isr_fb051s8

Original Reference: Shortall S (2008) Are rural development programmes socially inclusive? Social inclusion, civic engagement, participation, and social capital: exploring the differences. Journal of Rural Studies 24(4): 450–457. Crossref ISI Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Analyzes the social inclusivity of rural development programs. Implications: Social inclusion is essential for balanced rural development. Recommendations: Focus on inclusivity in RAPs, ensuring that marginalized rural populations are engaged in the development process.

URL: https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/are-rural-development-programmes-socially-inclusive-social-inclus

Original Reference: Ravazzoli E, Valero López DE (2020) Social innovation: an instrument to achieve the sustainable development of communities. In: Leal Filho W, Brandli L, et al. (eds) Sustainable Cities and Communities. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 1–10. Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Explores the role of social innovation in achieving sustainable development. Recommendations: RAPs should support community-led social innovation initiatives, fostering sustainable development through collaborative projects that benefit both rural and urban areas.

URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Social+innovation%3A+an+instrument+to+achieve+the+sustainable+development+of+communities&author=E+Ravazzoli&author=DE+Valero+L%C3%B3pez&publication_year=2020&pages=1-10

Original Reference: Noack A, Federwisch T (2019) Social innovation in rural regions: urban impulses and cross-border constellations of actors. Sociologia Ruralis 59(1): 92–112. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Explores how social innovation can bridge rural-urban divides, fostering collaboration. PoliRuralPlus should incorporate social innovation strategies to strengthen rural-urban networks and enhance regional cooperation.

URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324133457_Social_Innovation_in_Rural_Regions_Urban_Impulses_and_Cross-Border_Constellations_of_Actors

Original Reference: Lyndon S, Edwards B (2021) Beyond listening: the value of co-research in the co-construction of narratives. Qualitative Research. Online First. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Examines how social trust affects rural development projects. PoliRuralPlus should focus on building trust among rural-urban stakeholders to improve project outcomes.

URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1468794121999600

Original Reference: Deffobis, H. (2016), Les clusters dits « ruraux » : l’importance de l’appartenance locale, Pour, 229, 127-134

Brief Summary: This article examines the sociopolitical factors influencing rural-urban dynamics. RAPs should focus on creating participatory governance models that bring together rural and urban stakeholders, enhancing political representation and fostering collaborative regional development, crucial for the success of PoliRuralPlus pilots.

URL: https://doi.org/10.3917/pour.229.0127

Original Reference: Neumeier S (2012) Why do social innovations in rural development matter and should they be considered more seriously in rural development research? - Proposal for a stronger focus on social innovations in rural development research. Sociologia Ruralis 52(1): 48–69. Crossref ISI Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Analyzes spatial development in rural regions, emphasizing sustainable land use. PoliRuralPlus should adopt these insights to ensure rural-urban transitions are managed sustainably, preserving environmental and agricultural land.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2011.00553.x

Original Reference: StatCan (2022), Canada tops G7 growth despite COVID

Brief Summary: Reports on population trends in rural and urban areas in Canada. Implications: Highlights demographic shifts that could influence rural development policies. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate strategies to address rural depopulation and attract new residents by improving quality of life and employment opportunities.

URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220209/dq220209a-eng.htm

Original Reference: OECD (2021), The Geography of Higher Education : Lessons learnt from the Academy for Smart Specialisation in Karlstad

Brief Summary: The report emphasizes supporting SMEs in rural regions through innovation and cooperation. Implications: PoliRuralPlus should focus on providing resources to help rural SMEs grow. Recommendations: Promote cross-sectoral partnerships and create support mechanisms for rural entrepreneurship.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/Karlstad%20Webinar%20-%20Proceedings%20-%20Final.pdf