References

Original Reference: Key issues in rural transport in developing countries. TRL Research Report 260.,S. Ellis ,1997,A142340

Brief Summary: The report outlines strategies for improving transportation in rural areas. PoliRuralPlus could integrate such approaches into RAPs to boost rural accessibility and connectivity with urban centers.

URL: https://www.trl.co.uk/reports/PPR237

Original Reference: Disentangling the connections: A network analysis of approaches to urban green infrastructure,Denisa L. Badiu +3,Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2019,28 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: The article focuses on the critical role of transport connectivity in rural development. RAPs should prioritize infrastructure investments that enhance rural-urban mobility, reducing geographic isolation for rural areas and improving access to markets and services, aligning with PoliRuralPlus's regional development objectives.

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866719301970

Original Reference: Studies on Transportation Problem and Planning of Connection of Urban and Rural,Ma Xiang-juan ,2008,

Brief Summary: Discusses how the lack of transport and digital connectivity affects rural regions. Implications: Addressing transport and digital access gaps is crucial for rural development. Recommendations: RAPs should prioritize improving transport and digital infrastructure to enhance rural-urban mobility and connectivity​.

URL: Transport poverty meets the digital divide: accessibility and connectivity in rural communities - ScienceDirect

Original Reference: Connection Between Rural Transit and Rural Livability,Suzie Edrington +1,2013,A14232

Brief Summary: This report examines the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development, emphasizing how improved connectivity benefits rural and urban regions. Implications: Efficient transport systems are crucial for strengthening rural-urban linkages. Recommendations: Prioritize investment in transport infrastructure in regional action plans to improve access to services, employment, and markets for rural residents, fostering closer economic ties between rural and urban regions.

URL: TRB Report on Transport and Economic Development

Original Reference: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12010M%2FTXT

Brief Summary: This treaty provides the legal framework for EU policies, including territorial cohesion and rural development. Implications: Legal support for integrated rural-urban strategies is key to balanced regional development. Recommendations: Ensure RAPs align with EU legal frameworks to maximize funding opportunities and policy coherence in rural-urban development​.

URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12010M%2FTXT

Original Reference: Rural Development | Department of Economic and Social Affairs (un.org)

Brief Summary: Focuses on the SDGs as they relate to rural development. Implications: Aligns RAPs with global sustainability goals. Recommendations: Use SDG frameworks to ensure RAPs contribute to broader sustainability objectives.

URL: https://sdgs.un.org/topics/rural-development

Original Reference: Creating Opportunity and Prosperity Through Strengthening Rural-Urban Connections,2015,1 ,

Brief Summary: This UN publication discusses how strengthening rural-urban connections can promote sustainable development, reduce poverty, and improve livelihoods. Implications: Rural-urban cooperation is essential for achieving the UN's sustainable development goals. Recommendations: Use the UN framework to inform regional action plans, focusing on inclusive economic development, poverty reduction, and sustainability. Foster stronger rural-urban connections in infrastructure, economic activities, and service delivery to create opportunities for all.

URL: UN on Rural-Urban Connections

Original Reference: Linking Local Resources to SME Development . A Pathway Out Off Poverty ?,U. Rietdorf +2,2006,A14232

Brief Summary: Explores the drivers behind China's rural-urban migration patterns. Recommendations: RAPs should emphasize balanced development to prevent excessive urban migration by promoting economic opportunities and improving living conditions in rural areas.

URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690940802689036

Original Reference: Progress, thoughts, and prospect of urban network research based on enterprise perspective,Guojian Hu +1,Progress in Geography,2020,1 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Discusses rural-urban migration and its socio-economic impacts. Recommendations: RAPs should address migration flows, ensuring that rural areas have the infrastructure to support new populations while balancing urban needs for labor and housing.

URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0309132519887250

Original Reference: Understanding the (Mega-)Urban from the Rural: Non-Permanent Migration and Multi-Locational Households,E. Dick +1,2011,13 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: This study examines the dynamics of non-permanent migration and its impact on rural-urban linkages, especially in developing regions. Implication: PoliRuralPlus should explore how migration patterns affect rural areas, ensuring that policies address the challenges posed by multi-locational households and seasonal migration.

URL: Understanding the (mega-) urban from the rural: non-permanent migration and multi-locational households - German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) (idos-research.de)

Original Reference: Understanding the Role of Nature in Urban-Rural Linkages: Identifying the Potential Role of Rural Nature-Based Attractive Clusters That Serve Human Well-Being,M. Cozzi +5,Sustainability,2022,0 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: This research highlights the importance of nature-based solutions in enhancing urban-rural linkages, particularly through biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Implication: PoliRuralPlus can promote nature-based clusters in rural areas, improving ecological health and providing benefits to urban populations.

URL: Understanding the Role of Nature in Urban-Rural Linkages: Identifying the Potential Role of Rural Nature-Based Attractive Clusters That Serve Human Well-Being — the University of Groningen research portal (rug.nl)

Original Reference: UN-Habitat - A Better Urban Future | UN-Habitat (unhabitat.org)

Brief Summary: UN-Habitat promotes inclusive, safe, and resilient urbanization, emphasizing the need for sustainable rural-urban linkages through equitable access to services, sustainable transport systems, and integrated governance. Supports the goals of PoliRuralPlus in inclusive development.

URL: https://unhabitat.org/

Original Reference: Rural-urban marketing linkages : an infrastructure identification and survey guide,J. Tracey-White ,2005, 2

Brief Summary: FAO's report on the importance of urban and peri-urban agriculture to strengthen food systems and reduce rural poverty. Implications for PoliRuralPlus: Relevant to pilots focusing on food security and sustainability. Recommendations: Integrate urban agriculture initiatives into regional action plans to enhance rural-urban food chains.

URL: https://www.fao.org/3/a0335e/A0335E00.htm

Original Reference: Ferri, V. (2008): Metropolitain cities in Italy. An institution of federalism, Carroci, Rome.

Brief Summary: Examines the theory and practice of urban and regional planning, with a focus on sustainable development. Implications: Effective planning is key to ensuring balanced rural-urban development. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate best practices from regional planning to support sustainable development across rural and urban areas.

URL: Carocci: Urban and Regional Planning

Original Reference: Batista e Silva F, Poelman H, Dijkstra L (2021), The JRC-GEOSTAT 2018: A novel small-area population estimation for Europe. In: European Forum for Geography and Statistics, 7-8 september 2021

Brief Summary: Discusses urban and rural relationships within the EU context. Recommendation: Encourage a territorial approach in PoliRuralPlus pilots that fosters cooperation between rural and urban regions, focusing on infrastructure, employment, and service provision to create mutually beneficial outcomes.

URL: JRC - Rural-Urban Relationships

Original Reference: ZONNENVELD, W., STEAD, D. (2007): European Territorial Cooperation and the Concept of Urban-Rural Relationship. In: Planning, Practice & Researcg Vo. 22, No. 3, pp. 349-453.

Brief Summary: The book discusses the role of urban environments in shaping social and psychological well-being. Recommendations include incorporating well-being metrics into RAPs and fostering community spaces that support mental and physical health across rural-urban areas.

URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/European-territorial-cooperation-and-the-concept-of-Zonneveld-Stead/b1ab88a65a489d088e80782991bb602a605c25a6

Original Reference: European Commission (2009c): Promoting sustainable urban development in Europe Achievements and opportunities. Brussels.

Brief Summary: This report focuses on the challenges and opportunities of urban development, including impacts on rural areas. RAPs should integrate urban development plans with rural needs to ensure regional cohesion. PoliRuralPlus pilots can foster rural-urban synergies by promoting shared infrastructure and services that benefit both areas.

URL: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/policy/future/pdf/urban_2009_en.pdf

Original Reference: Urban and Rural Interactions and Rural Community Renewal,C. Bryant ,2002,10 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Focuses on urban dimensions influencing rural development. Recommends enhancing infrastructure, promoting sustainable agriculture, and developing rural-urban networks to foster inclusive growth in rural areas, directly supporting PoliRuralPlus goals.

URL: ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/57582/1/30.pdf

Original Reference: Methods for Planning Urban Facilities in Rural Areas of Developing Countries: A Comparison of Approaches,P. Rietveld ,1992,6 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Discusses how urban expansion contributes to regional inequality. PoliRuralPlus should adopt balanced growth strategies to mitigate the effects of urban sprawl on rural areas.

URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/a241137

Original Reference: Linking scales and urban network development,R. Wall +1,2003,

Brief Summary: Analyzes the role of governance networks in shaping urban policies. PoliRuralPlus can adopt collaborative governance models to bridge rural-urban gaps and enhance policy integration.

URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/a35184