References

Original Reference: Analysis on New Relations between Urban and Rural Areas of China's Western Regions:Formulating a Networking Spatial Structure,Qu Qiang ,2008,A14232

Brief Summary: Discusses urbanization trends in China, emphasizing the rural-urban divide. Recommendations: RAPs should encourage sustainable urbanization models that integrate rural development, preventing excessive migration and fostering economic growth in both areas.

URL: Progress in research on Chinese urbanization - ScienceDirect

Original Reference: The Review of Urban Infrastructure Investment and Financing and the Rural Inspiration,Chen Yi-li ,2009,A14230

Brief Summary: Financing Sustainable Infrastructure

URL: Global Review of Finance For Sustainable Urban Infrastructure | Coalition for Urban Transitions

Original Reference: Approaches to analyzing the rural-urban interface: comprehensive development views from town and countryside,R. Rojas-Caldelas +5,2010,6 ,PDFDOI,

Brief Summary: Examines how towns and rural areas can jointly develop through integrated policies. Recommends that PoliRuralPlus focus on creating synergies between small towns and their rural hinterlands for sustainable development.

URL: Approaches To Analyzing The Rural-urban Interface: Comprehensive Development Views From Town And Countryside (witpress.com)

Original Reference: Conceptual approach for urban and rural scenarios,Diego Nápoles +1,Tájökológiai Lapok,2021,0 ,PDFDOI,

Brief Summary: This paper discusses scenario planning to address rural and urban challenges, highlighting the need for flexible and adaptive strategies. Implications: Scenario planning can help identify future risks and opportunities in rural-urban dynamics. Recommendations: Use scenario planning techniques in regional action plans to anticipate and address future challenges such as climate change, technological shifts, and demographic changes. Develop adaptable policies that can evolve with the changing needs of rural and urban areas.

URL: Urban and Rural Scenarios

Original Reference: CoUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2010): Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Charter of fundamental Rights of the European Union.. 2010/C 83/01 and 2010/C 83/02. In: Official Journal of the European Union of 30th March. C 83, pp. 1-403

Brief Summary: This document consolidates the key treaties governing the European Union, emphasizing cohesion, regional development, and sustainability. Implications: EU treaties provide the legal framework for supporting rural-urban development and integration. Recommendations: Ensure regional action plans align with EU treaty principles, focusing on cohesion, sustainability, and balanced development. Promote rural-urban partnerships that reflect the EU's commitment to regional cooperation, sustainability, and economic and social cohesion.

URL: EU Treaties

Original Reference: Linking human and natural systems in the planning process,Susan I. Stewart +2,2012,2 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Analyzes how consumer trust shapes urban development projects. In RAPs, gaining public trust through transparent planning can accelerate the success of rural-urban initiatives.

URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1938512912464787

Original Reference: https://www.europe-en-france.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/analyse_de_la_contribution_des_programmes_operationnels_regionaux_2007-2013_au_developpement_des_territoires_ruraux.pdf

Brief Summary: This document analyzes how regional operational programs contributed to rural development during 2007-2013, focusing on infrastructure, economic development, and capacity building. Implications: Investments in infrastructure and local economic development are critical for rural resilience. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on leveraging past lessons in rural infrastructure development and promoting local entrepreneurship and sustainable agricultural practices.

URL: https://www.europe-en-france.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/analyse_de_la_contribution_des_programmes_operationnels_regionaux_2007-2013_au_developpement_des_territoires_ruraux.pdf

Original Reference: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/degree_urbanisation/introduction

Brief Summary: Discusses how urban and rural areas are classified and the role of degree of urbanisation in shaping regional policies. Recommendations: Consider the degree of urbanisation when developing rural-urban strategies to ensure tailored policy approaches based on population density and regional characteristics.

URL: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/degree_urbanisation/introduction

Original Reference: Council of the European Union (2006b): Decision 2006/702/EC on Community strategic guidelines on cohesion. In: Official Journal of the European Union, L 291, pp. 11- 32

Brief Summary: This decision provides guidelines on EU cohesion policy, focusing on improving regional competitiveness and fostering economic development. Implications: Cohesion policy supports initiatives that enhance rural-urban linkages and regional integration. Recommendations: Use these strategic guidelines to inform regional action plans, focusing on improving competitiveness, innovation, and connectivity between rural and urban areas. Encourage rural-urban partnerships in implementing cohesion projects to reduce regional disparities.

URL: Regulation on Financial Assistance

Original Reference: Council of Europe, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Local Government, Public Service Reform Initiative (LGPSRI) (ed.) (2010), Toolkit Manual - Inter-Municipal Cooperation. Without place.

Brief Summary: This recommendation emphasizes the importance of public participation in decision-making processes, particularly in regional development. Implications: Inclusive participation can strengthen rural-urban linkages by ensuring that local voices are heard. Recommendations: Ensure that regional action plans prioritize participatory planning processes, involving rural and urban communities in decision-making. Promote transparency and public involvement in policy development to enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of regional development initiatives.

URL: Recommendation on Public Participation

Original Reference: Council of the European Union (2005): Regulation (EC) no. 1698/2005 on the support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). In Official Journal of the European Union of 21st October 2005, L277, pp. 1-40

Brief Summary: This regulation outlines the EU's framework for supporting rural development through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). Implications: EU funds are crucial for rural economic diversification and sustainability. Recommendations: Leverage EAFRD funding in regional action plans to support rural development projects that improve infrastructure, enhance local economies, and foster sustainable agriculture. Foster rural-urban cooperation in using these funds to promote balanced regional growth and resilience.

URL: EU Rural Development Regulation

Original Reference: Analysis on the Interaction Development Model between City and Rural,Fan Hai-yan ,2005,A14230

Brief Summary: Analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on self-employed workers, particularly in rural areas. Suggests prioritizing support for rural businesses in recovery plans, and leveraging digital technologies to enhance resilience in PoliRuralPlus pilots.

URL: Bruegel Analysis of COVID-19 Impact

Original Reference: Review on the studies on urban-rural relations since industrialization,L. Jian-ju ,2012,A14230

Brief Summary: Examines the impact of the pandemic on rural health systems. Recommendations: RAPs should invest in telemedicine and mobile healthcare services to improve access to healthcare in rural areas, which became critical during the pandemic.

URL: https://www.scirp.org/pdf/oalibj_2020042816115639.pdf

Original Reference: STANDING CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS RESPONSIBLE FOR SPATIAL PLANNING (2006): Concepts and Strategies for Spatial Development in Germany. Berlin.

Brief Summary: Focuses on cross-border cooperation between rural and urban regions. Implications: Cross-border collaboration enhances regional cohesion. Recommendations: RAPs should leverage cross-border cooperation models to address shared challenges in rural-urban regions​.

URL: 2016_MKRO-Leitbildbroschuere_ENG.pdf (kooperation-ohne-grenzen.de)

Original Reference: Cultivating a rural lens: successful approaches to developing regional transportation corridors through professional capacity building,Susan Gallagher +1,Empowering the New Mobility Workforce,2019,0 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: This chapter discusses the importance of considering rural perspectives in policy development, emphasizing that rural challenges and opportunities differ from urban ones. Implications: Policies must be tailored to the unique needs of rural regions. Recommendations: Use a "rural lens" when developing regional action plans, ensuring that the specific challenges of rural areas—such as isolation, infrastructure gaps, and economic dependence on agriculture—are addressed in policy design and implementation.

URL: Cultivating a Rural Lens

Original Reference: Rural-Urban Research and Extension Programs: An Integrating Proposal,J. N. Uhl +1,1964,4 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Focuses on decentralizing urban growth to reduce pressure on rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should support decentralized development strategies, emphasizing balanced resource distribution and the promotion of sustainable land-use practices in both rural and urban settings.

URL: citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=9d767ea08c172e33101ec8cb49e4fd94dc973aab

Original Reference: A Review for Urban Network Research,Jiping Sun +1,2020,0 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Explores the potential of deep learning for urban-rural planning. Recommends using AI tools to enhance data-driven decision-making in PoliRuralPlus pilot regions, ensuring better management of resources and spatial planning.

URL: arxiv.org/abs/1704.00391

Original Reference: CAFFYN, A.., DAHLSTRÖM, M. (2005): Urban-Rural Interdependencies: Joining up Policy in Practice. In: Regional Studies vol. 39.3, pp. 283-296.

Brief Summary: The paper defines rural areas and regions from an economic perspective, exploring socio-economic dynamics and the challenges in defining rural-urban interactions. Implications: Clearer definitions of rural and urban boundaries can aid in creating tailored policies and actions. Recommendations: Develop specific action plans that target both rural and urban challenges, with precise definitions to ensure accurate data collection and policy intervention.

URL: Defining Rural Areas and Regions in Economic Terms

Original Reference: EUROPEAN COMMISSION (1996): Article 10 European Regional Development Fund. Urban Pilot Projects. Annual Report. Luxemburg.

Brief Summary: This publication explores demographic and social trends affecting the EU, such as aging populations and rural depopulation. RAPs should address demographic challenges in rural areas by creating policies that attract young people and families. PoliRuralPlus pilots can implement policies to combat rural depopulation and promote intergenerational community sustainability.

URL: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/0e1e5d08-1e6b-11e6-ba9a-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

Original Reference: Study on the evaluation and stage arrangements of rural-urban coordinated development,Guang-qin Zhu +1,International Conference on Management Science and Engineering,2009,1 ,DOI,

Brief Summary: Coordinated Urban-Rural Development in Grain-Producing Areas

URL: [Frontiers