References

Original Reference: Post-COVID-19 mobilities and the housing crisis in European urban and rural destinations. Policy challenges and research agenda, C. Colomb +1, Planning Practice & Research, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2022.2119512

Brief Summary: Analyses the role of housing and land use policies in rural-urban transitions. Recommendations: Incorporate flexible housing policies in RAPs to accommodate rural-urban migration patterns and prevent overdevelopment or depopulation, ensuring sustainable growth.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2022.2119512

Original Reference: Episode 17 – How will Europe’s green transition impact employment? | European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: This podcast discusses how the green transition will affect employment across Europe, with a focus on new opportunities and challenges in both rural and urban areas. RAPs should prepare for changes in the labor market, focusing on green jobs in renewable energy, agriculture, and other sectors. PoliRuralPlus pilots can align with this to support green employment initiatives.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/resources/podcast/2023/episode-17-how-will-europes-green-transition-impact-employment#msdynttrid=38rw8DCFEn-t6liQ6pUkn5PyXn7O88hJl7hk-eQOPcQ

Original Reference: https://www.ihrec.ie/app/uploads/2022/08/IHREC-Tool-for-a-Consultative-Approach.pdf IHREC Tool for a consultative approach: IHREC-Tool-for-a-Consultative-Approach.pdf

Brief Summary: This toolkit offers a framework for public bodies in Ireland to consult with stakeholders when implementing equality and human rights duties. Implications: Effective stakeholder consultation is crucial for inclusive policy development. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate consultative processes to ensure that rural communities' voices are heard and considered in decision-making, ensuring inclusive and equitable rural development.

URL: https://www.ihrec.ie/app/uploads/2022/08/IHREC-Tool-for-a-Consultative-Approach.pdf

Original Reference: http://immigrantcouncil.ie/sites/default/ files/2018-07/Keeping%20it%20local%20Report%20WEB%20version.pdf Immigrant Council of Ireland – Keeping it Local:

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of immigrants in fostering local development, particularly in rural areas. Recommendations: Promote the inclusion of immigrants in rural-urban action plans to enhance social cohesion and economic vitality in rural communities.

URL: http://immigrantcouncil.ie/sites/default/files/2018-07/Keeping%20it%20local%20Report%20WEB%20version.pdf

Original Reference: Innovation and Modernising the Rural Economy | READ online (oecd-ilibrary.org)

Brief Summary: The OECD highlights how technological innovation, sustainable practices, and skill development are critical for rural modernization. It stresses leveraging digital technologies and new governance models to foster rural-urban cooperation. Implications: Innovation across multiple dimensions, including digital transformation and governance, is vital for rural sustainability. Recommendations: RAPs should invest in innovation ecosystems that support entrepreneurship, improve digital connectivity, and encourage public-private partnerships between rural and urban regions.

URL: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/innovation-and-modernising-the-rural-economy_9789264205390-en#page1

Original Reference: Opportunities for Rural–Urban Relationships to Enhance the Rural Landscape, G. Overbeek, 2009, Rural areas could overcome urban ambivalence by establishing better relationships between urban and rural areas.

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of institutional reforms in driving rural development. Implications: Institutional change is key to enhancing rural-urban linkages. Recommendations: Focus on reforming local governance structures to support integrated rural-urban policies in RAPs .

URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15239080902774929

Original Reference: Integrated bioeconomy land use assessment: Land system responses to bioeconomy-related policies | Knowledge for policy (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: This initiative assesses land use from a bioeconomy perspective, considering how rural and urban areas can balance sustainability with economic activities like agriculture. Implications: Optimizing land use through bioeconomic principles can enhance sustainability and rural-urban interdependence. Recommendations: RAPs should include bioeconomic strategies to ensure land use efficiency, support sustainable agriculture, and enhance rural-urban food systems integration to foster sustainable development.

URL: https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/projects-activities/integrated-bioeconomy-land-use-assessment_en

Original Reference: IN SITU

Brief Summary: This project focuses on creating intelligent, sustainable cities that collaborate with rural areas for mutual development. Implications: Urban-rural partnerships supported by smart technologies can drive economic growth and sustainability. Recommendations: RAPs should integrate smart city technologies with rural areas, fostering collaboration on renewable energy, transportation, and digital infrastructure to build stronger urban-rural synergies.

URL: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101061729

Original Reference: Intergenerational inequalities: How to close the gaps? | European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: This Eurofound report examines inequalities between generations, with a focus on income, housing, and work-life balance, especially in rural and urban settings. Implications: Addressing intergenerational gaps is key to ensuring sustainable rural-urban development. Recommendations: RAPs should address income disparities, improve housing options, and ensure that policies cater to younger generations in rural areas, focusing on employment and skills development to close rural-urban gaps.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/2023/intergenerational-inequalities-how-close-gaps#msdynttrid=U98vt-LfjDcJZwrjhVGhbGHfyTs6yE4ovvaGINpkRb4

Original Reference: https://investeu.europa.eu/index_en About InvestEU (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: InvestEU supports investment in key sectors such as sustainability, digitalization, and innovation, targeting both urban and rural regions. Implications: Investment in rural areas is key to fostering innovation and green transitions. Recommendations: Use InvestEU funding in RAPs to support infrastructure projects, renewable energy, and innovation hubs, promoting sustainable rural development​.

URL: https://investeu.europa.eu/index_en

Original Reference: InvestEU Portal - European Union (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: This portal provides access to investment opportunities and financing for projects that strengthen rural-urban linkages, including infrastructure, innovation, and sustainable development. Implications: Access to investment is key to developing rural areas and enhancing their connectivity with urban centers. Recommendations: RAPs should leverage the InvestEU portal to finance projects that bridge rural-urban gaps, particularly in infrastructure, digitalization, and sustainable development.

URL: https://europa.eu/investeuportal/home

Original Reference: Involve: people and participation: how to put citizens at the heart of decision-making: https:// www.involve.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/attachemnt/People-and-Participation.pdf

Brief Summary: This document provides guidelines for meaningful public engagement in policy and decision-making processes, focusing on inclusivity and transparency. Implications: Public participation is critical for designing policies that address both rural and urban needs. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate inclusive public participation mechanisms to ensure that the voices of rural communities are heard and that development initiatives are tailored to the needs of all stakeholders, fostering greater rural-urban cohesion.

URL: https://www.involve.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/attachemnt/People-and-Participation.pdf

Original Reference: https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility/country-pages/irelands-recovery-and-resilience-plan_en

Brief Summary: Ireland’s RRP outlines strategies for economic recovery post-COVID, with a focus on green and digital transitions. Recommendations: For PoliRuralPlus pilots in Ireland, align with these priorities, particularly through renewable energy projects, digital skills training, and infrastructure investments​​.

URL: https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility/country-pages/irelands-recovery-and-resilience-plan_en

Original Reference: 547919e-0cf5-412b-8983-f260c8ed66ed.pdf (www.gov.ie)

Brief Summary: Outlines Ireland’s national rural development policies. Recommendations include leveraging community development schemes and digital tools to bridge rural-urban gaps, making the case for integrated rural-urban action plans.

URL: Ireland's Rural Development Strategy

Original Reference: Home - Irish Farmers' Association (ifa.ie)

Brief Summary: This site represents the interests of Irish farmers, focusing on rural policy and development. Recommendations: Engage agricultural stakeholders in the development of regional action plans to ensure that rural interests are represented, particularly in areas of land use, sustainability, and economic development.

URL: https://www.ifa.ie/

Original Reference: Home | Irish Rural Link

Brief Summary: A national network focused on advocating for sustainable rural development in Ireland. Recommendations: Build partnerships with advocacy networks like Irish Rural Link to develop inclusive policies that address rural challenges and improve rural-urban connections.

URL: https://irishrurallink.ie/

Original Reference: Report_Public_Administrations_Digital_Response_to_COVID19.pdf (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: Analyzes how digital tools were used by public administrations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on enhancing digital infrastructure in rural areas, supporting remote work, digital governance, and fostering resilience through better technology integration.

URL: https://ec.europa.eu/isa2/sites/default/files/publications/isa2_report_public_administrations_digital_response_to_covid19.pdf

Original Reference: Masaf - homepage (politicheagricole.it)

Brief Summary: Reviews Italy's agricultural policies to promote sustainability in rural regions. PoliRuralPlus can adopt similar policies to enhance agricultural innovation and sustainability in rural-urban linkages.

URL: https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/1

Original Reference: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/metadata/guidances/iucn-global-standard-for-nature-based-solutions#:~:text=The%20IUCN%20Global%20Standard%20for,society)%20and%20resilient%20project%20management. IUCN. (2019). The Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Rural-Urban Linkages.

Brief Summary: This document outlines standards for implementing NBS globally. Recommendations: Implement NBS as a core component of rural-urban linkages to promote biodiversity, sustainable water management, and climate adaptation. This will enhance the resilience of both rural and urban areas​.

URL: https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/metadata/guidances/iucn-global-standard-for-nature-based-solutions

Original Reference: Just Transition

Brief Summary: Examines how the just transition can be leveraged for regional development in response to environmental and social changes. Implications: Rural areas must not be left behind in the transition to a green economy. Recommendations: RAPs should ensure that the just transition includes support for rural economies, with investments in green technologies and retraining programs to help rural communities benefit from the shift toward sustainability.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/topic/just-transition