References

Original Reference: Eurofound (2015a), Violence and harassment in European workplaces: Causes, impacts and policies, Dublin.

Brief Summary: This page provides definitions and approaches to addressing harassment and violence in the workplace. RAPs should ensure that rural workers are protected from workplace harassment and violence through clear policies and enforcement. PoliRuralPlus pilots can integrate these protections to promote safe, respectful work environments across regions.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/european-industrial-relations-dictionary/harassment-and-violence-work

Original Reference: Chirico, F., Afolabi, A. A., Ilesanmi, O. S., Nucera, G., Ferrari, G., Szarpak, L. et al (2022), ‘Workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review’, Journal of Health and Social Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 14–35.

Brief Summary: This article examines how economic crises impact the stress and health of rural populations, particularly in the context of economic instability. Implications: Economic challenges in rural areas lead to health disparities, which weaken rural-urban synergies. Recommendations: Regional action plans should include mental health services and economic support for rural communities to ensure resilience during economic crises, focusing on mitigating the social impacts of economic stress in rural populations.

URL: Health, Stress, and Economic Crises

Original Reference: Eurofound (2010), Work-related stress, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Brief Summary: This report provides an overview of workplace health and well-being trends across Europe. RAPs should prioritize improving rural workplaces by addressing both physical and mental health challenges. PoliRuralPlus pilots can implement health promotion strategies to enhance worker well-being and safety in rural-urban employment sectors.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_files/docs/ewco/tn1004059s/tn1004059s.pdf

Original Reference: Haagmans, B. L., Al Dhahiry, S. H., Reusken, C. B., Raj, V. S., Galiano, M., Myers, R., ... & Koopmans, M. P. (2014). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation. The Lancet infectious diseases, 14(2), 140-145. 25

Brief Summary: Explores the link between environmental conditions and health outcomes in rural-urban regions. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should address environmental health issues, ensuring clean air, water, and green spaces for better rural-urban health.

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147330991370690X

Original Reference: OECD and European Union (2020), Health at a glance: Europe 2020 – State of health in the EU cycle, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Brief Summary: The report offers comparative data on healthcare outcomes across Europe, highlighting disparities. Implications: Focus on improving healthcare equity between rural and urban areas. Recommendations: Integrate healthcare outcomes into regional action plans (RAPs), and use telemedicine to reduce rural-urban healthcare access gaps.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/health-at-a-glance-europe-2020_82129230-en.html

Original Reference: Choi, S., Yi, Y. and Kim, J. (2018), ‘Exposure to adverse social behaviour in the workplace and sickness presenteeism among Korean workers: The mediating effects of musculoskeletal disorders’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 15, No. 10.

Brief Summary: This study highlights the differences in healthcare access between rural and urban areas, emphasizing that rural residents often face limited access to healthcare services. Implications: Disparities in healthcare access hinder rural-urban integration. Recommendations: Regional action plans should prioritize improving healthcare infrastructure and access in rural areas, facilitating stronger connections with urban healthcare systems to ensure equitable health outcomes across regions.

URL: Rural and Urban Health Disparities

Original Reference: Niedhammer, I., Bertrais, S. and Witt, K. (2021), ‘Psychosocial work exposures and health outcomes: A meta-review of 72 literature reviews with meta-analysis’, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 489–508.

Brief Summary: Investigates the healthcare gaps between rural and urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. PoliRuralPlus should address healthcare accessibility disparities in RAPs, ensuring rural regions have equitable access to health services.

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504166/

Original Reference: Newby, J. M., O’Moore, K., Tang, S., Christensen, H. and Faasse, K. (2020), ‘Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia’, PLoS ONE, Vol. 15, No. 7, e0236562.

Brief Summary: Analyzes the health impacts of migration from rural to urban areas. PoliRuralPlus should incorporate health and social services into RAPs to support migrant populations and ensure equitable access to healthcare in both rural and urban areas.

URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236562

Original Reference: Mendonça, I., Coelho, F., Ferrajão, P. and Abreu, A. M. (2022), ‘Telework and mental health during COVID-19’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 5, Article 2602. Mental Health Foundation (2007), The fundamental facts: The latest facts and figures on mental health, London.

Brief Summary: Investigates how environmental stressors affect health in urban and rural areas. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should address environmental health risks through improved policy integration.

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270294/

Original Reference: EU-OSHA (2021c), Telework and health risks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the field and policy implications, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. EU-OSHA (2022), OSH Pulse – Occupational safety and health in post-pandemic workplaces, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Brief Summary: This report examines health risks related to COVID-19 and provides policy recommendations. RAPs should address public health and safety measures, especially in rural areas with limited healthcare access. PoliRuralPlus pilots can integrate pandemic resilience strategies to protect rural-urban populations and workplaces.

URL: https://osha.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-10/TW_health_risks_COVID_19_pandemic_context_field_evidence_policy_implications_report.pdf

Original Reference: Timming, A. R., French, M. T. and Mortensen, K. (2021), ‘Health anxiety versus economic anxiety surrounding COVID-19: An analysis of psychological distress in the early stages of the pandemic’, Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, Vol. 5, Article 100152.

Brief Summary: This paper discusses the balance between economic and health-related anxieties in rural regions. Implication: PoliRuralPlus should consider both health and economic factors in its rural development strategies, promoting well-being alongside economic growth.

URL: https://researchrepository.rmit.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Health-anxiety-versus-economic-anxiety-surro

Original Reference: Grigorescu, S., Cazan, A. M., Rogozea, L. and Grigorescu, D. O. (2022), ‘Predictive factors of the burnout syndrome occurrence in the healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic’, Frontiers in Medicine, Vol. 9, Article 842457.

Brief Summary: Discusses the challenges of healthcare in rural areas. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should address healthcare accessibility in rural regions, leveraging technology and collaboration with urban centers to improve rural healthcare outcomes.

URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.842457/full

Original Reference: Callaway, Ewen (2020). The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide. Eight ways in which scientists hope to provide immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Nature News feature 28 April 2020

Brief Summary: This Nature article explores the future of agriculture in the face of climate challenges and the necessary adaptations in farming practices. Implications: Addressing climate change is vital for both rural and urban regions. Recommendations: Regional action plans should promote climate-smart agriculture and resilient farming practices, ensuring sustainable food production and mitigating the effects of climate change on rural economies.

URL: How will agriculture adapt to climate challenges

Original Reference: Meyer, V. et al. (2015). Economic evaluation of adaptation options. BASE Project Deliverable 5.2.

Brief Summary: Provides adaptation strategies for rural and urban areas facing climate change. PoliRuralPlus should focus on nature-based solutions and climate adaptation to enhance regional resilience.

URL: https://base-adaptation.eu/sites/default/files/Deliverable_5_2_FINAL.pdf

Original Reference: Seils, E. & Emmler, H. (2020). Die Folgen von Corona. Eine Auswertung regionaler Daten (Policy Brief WSI No. 43). Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Smith, M., Erin McAweeney, & Léa Ronzaud. (2020).

Brief Summary: Examines the impact of COVID-19 on the global workforce. Implications: The pandemic has significantly impacted rural economies. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on economic recovery measures that support rural employment and resilience【36†source】【31†source】.

URL: [https://www.google.ie/search?q=ILO+Monitor+2nd+edition%3A+COVID-19+and+the+world+of+work.+International+L19+by+International+Organisation+of+Employers+and+International+Trade+Union+Confederation.+%0D%0A&sca_esv=g=AL9hbdgAAAAAZqkrZpFwX3wJgp2t9lC8dAfAfyU3P7AF&ved=0ahUKEwjNh77fn8-HAxXqT0EAHcVyDucQ4dUDCB8&oq19+and+the+world+of+work.+International+Labour+Organization.+International+Organisation+of+Employers.+%2820219+by+International+Organisation+of+Employers+and+International+Trade+Union+Confederation.+%0D%0A&gs_lp=EgW5pemF0aW9uLiBJbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIE9yZ2FuaXNhdGlvbiBvZiBFbXBsb3llcnMuICgyMDIwLCBBcHJpbCkuIEpvaW50IFN4gQ29uZmVkZXJhdGlvbi4gCkgAUABYAHAAeACQAQCYAQCgAQCqAQC4AQzIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgCgAgCYAwCSBwCgBwA

Original Reference: Colavizza, G., Costas, R., Traag, V. A., Van Eck, N. J., Van Leeuwen, T., & Waltman, L. (2021). A scientometric overview of CORD-19. PloS one, 16(1), e0244839.

Brief Summary: This PLOS One article examines changes in health behaviors during COVID-19, focusing on physical activity, diet, and mental health. Implications: Rural-urban linkages in health and well-being may be affected by post-pandemic behavioral changes. Recommendations: Address health and lifestyle disparities in regional action plans, particularly through rural-urban partnerships to improve healthcare access and mental health services in both regions, while considering behavioral trends influenced by the pandemic.

URL: Impact of COVID-19 on Health Behaviors

Original Reference: Eurofound (2022c), Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Brief Summary: This report analyzes how COVID-19 affected regional development, with a focus on rural and urban areas. Recommendations: RAPs should address the disparities exacerbated by the pandemic, investing in rural healthcare, digital services, and sustainable economic recovery plans.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/ef22042en.pdf

Original Reference: Stanhope, J. and Weinstein, P. (2021), ‘Organisational injustice from the COVID-19 pandemic: A hidden burden of disease’, Perspectives in Public Health, Vol. 141, No. 1, pp. 13–14.

Brief Summary: This article examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected rural healthcare services. Implications: Highlights gaps in rural health infrastructure and access. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on improving healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, particularly in light of future pandemic preparedness.

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33369544/

Original Reference: Eurofound (2021e), Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

Brief Summary: This report highlights the negative impacts of the pandemic on young people’s employment and well-being. RAPs should prioritize youth engagement in rural development by creating education and job opportunities. PoliRuralPlus pilots can focus on reducing youth outmigration from rural areas by investing in youth-friendly rural development initiatives.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/2021/impact-covid-19-young-people-eu

Original Reference: Ferry, F., Bunting, B., Rosato, M., Curran, E. and Leavey, G. (2021), ‘The impact of reduced working on mental health in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the understanding society COVID-19 study’, Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 287, pp. 308–315.

Brief Summary: Examines the effects of reduced working hours on employees' mental health during the early pandemic. Implications: Highlights the stress and mental health risks of economic downturns, particularly in rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should include mental health support for rural workers affected by reduced working hours and unemployment.

URL: The Impact of Reduced Working on Mental Health