References

Original Reference: Mitsch, F., Lee, N. and Ralph Morrow, E. (2021), ‘Faith no more? The divergence of political trust between urban and rural Europe’, Political Geography, Vol. 89, Article 102426.

Brief Summary: Explores the divergence of political trust between rural and urban areas across Europe. PoliRuralPlus should focus on building trust through transparent governance and equitable service provision, addressing the trust gap between urban and rural residents​(

URL: https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/110497/

Original Reference: OECD and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (2021b), State of health in the EU: Portugal – Country health profile 2021, OECD Publishing, Paris, and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels.

Brief Summary: Offers insights into healthcare provision in Portugal, particularly in rural areas. Implications for PoliRuralPlus: Enhancing healthcare access can improve rural living conditions. Recommendation: Implement healthcare access strategies within Portugal's RAP to ensure sustainable rural development.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2021/12/portugal-country-health-profile-2021_298b45fc.html

Original Reference: Luca, D., Terrero-Davila, J., Stein, J. and Lee, N. (2023), ‘Progressive cities: Urban–rural polarisation of social values and economic development around the world’, Urban Studies.

Brief Summary: Explores how progressive policies in cities can influence regional governance. PoliRuralPlus could leverage urban governance models to improve collaboration between rural and urban regions.

URL: https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/113458/1/III_WPS_progressive_cities_paper_74.pdf

Original Reference: Morlino, L. and Quaranta, M. (2016), ‘What is the impact of the economic crisis on democracy? Evidence from Europe’, International Political Science Review, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 618–633.

Brief Summary: Examines the challenges of implementing public policies in rural regions. PoliRuralPlus should emphasize stakeholder engagement and governance improvements to ensure effective policy implementation.

URL: https://iris.luiss.it/handle/11385/171705

Original Reference: Zmerli, S. and van der Mee, T. W. G. (eds.) (2017), Handbook on political trust, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK.

Brief Summary: This article investigates environmental health risks in both urban and rural settings, particularly pollution exposure. For PoliRuralPlus, integrating health risk assessments into regional development plans could enhance the well-being of populations in transitioning rural-urban zones, while supporting sustainability goals.

URL: https://www.e-elgar.com/textbooks/zmerli/

Original Reference: Heimerl, K., Pichler, B. and Plunger, P. (2020), ‘Challenges and strategies in communication with people with dementia and their informal caregivers in community pharmacies: A narrative approach’, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 852–860.

Brief Summary: This study investigates public health issues in areas where urban and rural environments interact. Recommendations: Integrate public health initiatives into regional action plans, ensuring equitable healthcare access for both rural and urban populations.

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31749204/

Original Reference: Enders, J., De Boer, H., File, J., Jongbloed, B. and Westerheijden, D. (2011), ‘Reform of higher education in Europe’, in Enders, J., De Boer, H. and Westerheijden, D. (eds.), Reform of higher education in Europe, Sense Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp. 1–10.

Brief Summary: This study covers reforms in European higher education, with a focus on improving access and quality. RAPs should prioritize educational access in rural areas to ensure rural residents can contribute to the knowledge economy. PoliRuralPlus pilots can integrate higher education reforms to enhance skills development and innovation in rural regions.

URL: https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/reform-of-higher-education-in-europe

Original Reference: Kenny, M. and Luca, D. (2021), ‘The urban–rural polarisation of political disenchantment: An investigation of social and political attitudes in 30 European countries’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 565–582.

Brief Summary: This paper explores the economic disparities between regions in Europe. PoliRuralPlus can apply its recommendations to promote economic equity in rural-urban development.

URL: https://www.lse.ac.uk/european-institute/Assets/Documents/LEQS-Discussion-Papers/LEQSPaper161.pdf

Original Reference: Ford, R. and Goodwin, M. (2014), Revolt on the right – Explaining support for the radical right in Britain, Routledge, Abingdon.

Brief Summary: Focuses on the role of stakeholder engagement in shaping effective regional policies, including rural-urban considerations. Implications: Engaging local stakeholders is crucial for the success of rural-urban integration initiatives. Recommendations: Ensure active participation of rural stakeholders in RAP development, fostering stronger governance and policy alignment.

URL: Kent University Report on Policy-making

Original Reference: Pateman, T. (2011), ‘Rural and urban areas: Comparing lives using rural/urban classifications’, Regional Trends, Vol. 43, pp. 11–86.

Brief Summary: Analyzes rural and urban living conditions using classification systems. Implications: Highlights disparities in quality of life between rural and urban areas. Recommendations: Address these disparities in RAPs by ensuring equitable access to services, employment, and infrastructure for rural communities.

URL: https://glocat.geneseo.edu/discovery/openurl?institution=01SUNY_GEN&rfr_id=info:sid%252Fprimo.exlibrisgroup.com-bX-Bx&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:&rft.epage=86&rft.volume=43&rft_id=info:doi/&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com-68822797-Bx&rft.isbn_list=&rft.jtitle=Regional%20trends&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.auinit1=T&rft.aulast=Pateman&rft.auinit=Tim&rft.date=2011&rft.eisbn_list=&rft.spage=11&rft.au=Pateman,%20Tim%20m&rft.atitle=Rural%20and%20urban%20areas:%20comparing%20lives%20using%20rural/urban%20classifications&rft.issn=0261-1783&rft.eissn=2040-1655&svc_dat=CTO&vid=01SUNY_GEN:01SUNY_GEN

Original Reference: UN (2021), ‘As COVID-19 exposes global disparities, closing digital gap key for achieving sustained equitable growth, speakers say as Social Development Commission begins annual session’, press release, 8 February.

Brief Summary: Discusses rural development strategies to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Recommendations: Align PoliRuralPlus pilots with global SDG frameworks, fostering sustainable practices, improved infrastructure, and enhanced urban-rural linkages.

URL: https://press.un.org/en/2021/soc4890.doc.htm

Original Reference: Halloran, J. and Calderón Vera, K. (2005), Basic social services in rural settlements: Village and remote homestead community care-giving – Synthesis report, European Social Network and European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.

Brief Summary: Analyzes rural development policies in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe. PoliRuralPlus should tailor RAPs based on regional policy experiences, focusing on economic revitalization and sustainable rural-urban development.

URL: http://pdc.ceu.hu/archive/00004294/01/1138966400_93475.pdf

Original Reference: Holst, J., Normann, O. and Herrmann, M. (2015), ‘Strengthening training in rural practice in Germany: New approach for undergraduate medical curriculum towards sustaining rural health care’, Rural and Remote Health, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 375–385.

Brief Summary: This article focuses on health disparities in rural areas and the potential of urban-rural partnerships. Recommendations: Address healthcare infrastructure gaps in rural areas by leveraging partnerships with urban healthcare providers, improving telemedicine services.

URL: https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/3563

Original Reference: European Parliament (2022), Report on a long-term vision for the EU’s rural areas – Towards stronger, connected, resilient and prosperous rural areas by 2040, 2021/2254(INI).

Brief Summary: Discusses innovation in the rural context, focusing on green technologies and sustainable farming. Implications: Innovation and sustainability are key to improving rural resilience. Recommendations: Encourage RAPs to integrate green technologies and support innovation hubs in rural areas.

URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2022-0269_EN.html

Original Reference: Mental Health Europe (undated), Rural mental health, web page, available at https://www.mhe-sme.org/rural-mental-health/, accessed 18 July 2023.

Brief Summary: Discusses the challenges of mental health access in rural areas. For PoliRuralPlus, addressing rural mental health is key for balanced regional well-being.

URL: https://www.mhe-sme.org/rural-mental-health/

Original Reference: Milbourne, P. (2004), Rural poverty: Marginalisation and exclusion in Britain and the United States, Vol. 7, Routledge, London.

Brief Summary: Analyzes poverty, exclusion, and marginalization in rural regions. PoliRuralPlus should focus on inclusive policies that reduce rural poverty and promote social equity in RAPs.

URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27649498_Rural_Poverty_Marginalisation_and_Exclusion_in_Britain_and_the_United_States

Original Reference: Chatterji, M. (1998), ‘Tertiary education and economic growth’, Regional Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 349–354.

Brief Summary: This article discusses how regional policies can enhance rural resilience and economic development. Implications: Targeted regional policies are needed to support rural resilience, particularly in the face of economic and environmental challenges. Recommendations: Design regional action plans that prioritize rural resilience through economic diversification, infrastructure development, and policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in rural regions.

URL: Rural Resilience and Economic Development

Original Reference: Valero, D. E. (2021), ‘From Brexit to VOX: Populist policy narratives about rurality in Europe and the populist challenges for the rural–urban divide’, Rural Sociology, Vol. 87, No. S1, pp. 758–783.

Brief Summary: Focuses on revitalization efforts in rural Scotland, emphasizing community engagement. Implications: Community-led approaches are effective in driving rural development. Recommendations: RAPs should encourage community participation in decision-making, ensuring that rural development aligns with local needs and capacities.

URL: https://research-scotland.ac.uk/items/f3c9ead1-15e4-4096-ac14-3648d05dacb5

Original Reference: Goodwin-Hawkins (2020), Rural service hubs, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales.

Brief Summary: Explores the concept of rural service hubs as multi-purpose facilities. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should consider establishing service hubs to improve access to essential services and enhance rural-urban linkages in a cost-effective way.

URL: https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/publications/rural-service-hubs

Original Reference: OECD (2020), Rural well-being: Geography of opportunities, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Brief Summary: Explores rural-urban disparities and recommends policies that foster social and economic integration. PoliRuralPlus pilots should emphasize inclusive development strategies to ensure that rural areas benefit from broader regional growth.

URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/rural-well-being_d25cef80-en