References

Original Reference: Algan, T., Cohen, D., Davoine, E., Foucault, M. and Stantcheva, S. (2021), ‘Trust in scientists in times of pandemic: Panel evidence from 12 countries’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 40, e2108576118.

Brief Summary: Examines disparities in healthcare access between rural and urban regions during the pandemic. Suggests that PoliRuralPlus should integrate healthcare infrastructure into its RAPs to ensure equity.

URL: PubMed Article

Original Reference: KEA European Affairs (2020), The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cultural and creative sector, Report for the Council of Europe Steering Committee for Culture, Heritage and Landscape, KEA, Brussels

Brief Summary: This report examines the pandemic's impact on cultural and creative sectors. For PoliRuralPlus, boosting cultural industries through RAPs could foster economic recovery and rural-urban cultural linkages post-pandemic.

URL: https://keanet.eu/wp-content/uploads/Impact-of-COVID-19-pandemic-on-CCS_COEKEA_26062020.pdf.pdf

Original Reference: Groeniger, J. O., Noordzij, K., van der Waal, J. and de Koster, W. (2021), ‘Dutch COVID-19 lockdown measures increased trust in government and trust in science: A difference-in-differences analysis’, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 275, No. 113819

Brief Summary: Examines how social determinants influence health outcomes in rural and urban areas. PoliRuralPlus RAPs should incorporate social determinants into healthcare strategies, ensuring equitable health services for both rural and urban populations.

URL: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v275y2021ics0277953621001519.html

Original Reference: Cucciniello, M., Porumbescu, G. A. and Grimmelikhuijsen, S. (2017), ‘25 years of transparency research: Evidence and future directions’, Public Administration Review, Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 32–44.

Brief Summary: This paper examines how information disclosure affects political trust during crises, particularly in rural areas where access to information may be limited. Implications: Transparent communication and information sharing are critical for maintaining political trust and cooperation in rural-urban settings. Recommendations: Strengthen information-sharing mechanisms in regional action plans, ensuring that rural areas have equal access to timely and accurate information. Foster trust by promoting transparency and open communication between rural and urban authorities during crises.

URL: COVID-19 and Political Trust

Original Reference: Allcott, H. and Gentzkow, M. (2017), ‘Social media and fake news in the 2016 election’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 211–236.

Brief Summary: Focuses on technological innovation and rural-urban integration. Suggests that PoliRuralPlus pilots leverage technology for improving agricultural productivity and rural service accessibility.

URL: Stanford University

Original Reference: Eurofound (2022), Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

Brief Summary: This report discusses the quality of jobs and employment outcomes across Europe. RAPs should focus on improving job quality in rural areas by promoting fair wages, security, and healthy work environments. PoliRuralPlus pilots can use these insights to enhance rural labor conditions and ensure that rural jobs are attractive and sustainable.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/ef22042en.pdf

Original Reference: Tabellini, G. (2008), ‘Institutions and culture’, Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol. 6, No. 2–3, pp. 255–294

Brief Summary: Focuses on economic studies, particularly those related to regional economics and development. Implications: Regional economic disparities need targeted interventions. Recommendations: PoliRuralPlus can draw on this research to design pilots that address regional economic inequalities by fostering rural-urban collaboration .

URL: https://academic.oup.com/jeea/issue/6/2-3

Original Reference: Grimmelikhuijsen, S. and Klijn, A. (2015), ‘The effects of judicial transparency on public trust: Evidence from a field experiment’, Public Administration, Vol. 93, No. 4, pp. 995–1011

Brief Summary: Examines how judicial transparency impacts public trust. Recommendations for PoliRuralPlus include ensuring transparency in decision-making processes in RAPs to enhance public engagement and support for rural-urban initiatives.

URL: https://typeset.io/papers/the-effects-of-judicial-transparency-on-public-trust-3kwm1et9mz

Original Reference: Farre, L., Fawaz, Y., Gonzalez, L. and Graves, J. (2020), ‘How the Covid-19 lockdown affected gender inequality in paid and unpaid work in Spain’, SSRN, No3643198

Brief Summary: Explores employment issues in rural areas, including youth unemployment and migration to cities. Implications: Identifies rural-urban labor market disparities. Recommendations: RAPs should emphasize job creation in rural areas, improving skill training and mobility opportunities to reduce migration to urban centers.

URL: IZA Discussion Paper 13434

Original Reference: Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A. and Wright, L. (2020), ‘The Cummings effect: Politics, trust, and behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic’, The Lancet, Vol. 396, No. 10249, pp. 464–465

Brief Summary: Focuses on the health implications of COVID-19, including its effects on rural and urban populations. Implications: Highlights health inequalities, which are often more severe in rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should include healthcare strategies that address pandemic resilience and healthcare access in rural areas.

URL: The Lancet, Vol. 396 Issue 10249

Original Reference: Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R. and Nanetti, R. (1993), Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Brief Summary: Explores how civic traditions in Italy affect democratic governance. Recommendations: RAPs should strengthen democratic engagement in rural-urban regions by encouraging active civic participation and fostering institutions that support community decision-making.

URL: https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691037387/making-democracy-work

Original Reference: Capano, G., Howlett, M., Jarvis, D. S. L., Ramesh, M. and Goyal, N. (2020), ‘Mobilizing policy (in)capacity to fight COVID-19: Understanding variations in state responses’, Policy and Society, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 285–308.

Brief Summary: This publication discusses the challenges and methodologies in cross-national research on satisfaction and well-being. Implications: Rural well-being is a crucial metric for evaluating the success of rural-urban linkages. Recommendations: Regional action plans should include regular monitoring of community satisfaction and well-being as key performance indicators. Tailor well-being strategies to the specific cultural and socioeconomic contexts of each pilot region.

URL: Cross-national Satisfaction Research

Original Reference: Khan, M. L. and Idris, I. K. (2019), ‘Recognise misinformation and verify before sharing: A reasoned action and information literacy perspective’, Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 1194–1212

Brief Summary: This study examines how misinformation spreads in public discourse. PoliRuralPlus pilots could address this by fostering information literacy programs in rural communities to ensure well-informed public participation in decision-making.

URL: https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/recognise-misinformation-and-verify-before-sharinga-reasoned-act

Original Reference: NewsGuard (2021), Social impact report: 2021, web page, available at https://www.newsguardtech.com/specialreports/social-impact-report-2021/, accessed 28 July 2022

Brief Summary: Explores NewsGuard's efforts in combating misinformation across various media platforms. For PoliRuralPlus, this highlights the importance of using verified information when developing communication strategies within rural-urban governance frameworks. Information transparency can build trust across rural and urban populations​(

URL: https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/social-impact-report-2021/

Original Reference: PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) (2020), Understanding the infodemic and misinformation in the fight against COVID-19, Washington, DC, USA.

Brief Summary: Explores the spread of misinformation during health crises, especially COVID-19. Implications: Rural areas can be more vulnerable to misinformation due to limited access to reliable sources. Recommendations: Strengthen communication strategies in RAPs to counter misinformation and improve public health responses in rural regions.

URL: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/52052/Factsheet-infodemic_eng.pdf

Original Reference: Plohl, N. and Musil, B. (2021), ‘Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: The critical role of trust in science’, Psychology, Health & Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–12

Brief Summary: Investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic affected migration from urban to rural areas. Recommendations: Adapt RAPs to address the housing, infrastructure, and service needs of rural areas experiencing population increases due to pandemic-related migration.

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32479113/

Original Reference: Perry, G. and Jonathan-Zamir, T. (2020), ‘Expectations, effectiveness, trust, and cooperation: Public attitudes towards the Israel police during the COVID-19 pandemic’, Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 1073–1091

Brief Summary: Discusses how COVID-19 influenced migration patterns, with urban residents moving to rural areas. Recommendations: In RAPs, address the increased demand for housing, services, and infrastructure in rural areas due to pandemic-driven migration.

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7665771/

Original Reference: Siegrist, M. and Cvetkovich, G. (2000), ‘Perception of hazards: The role of social trust and knowledge’, Risk Analysis, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 713–719

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of social trust in shaping hazard perception. Implications: Social trust can enhance the effectiveness of disaster management in rural-urban regions. Recommendations: Foster social trust in RAPs to improve community resilience to natural hazards.

URL: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Perception-of-Hazards%3A%E2%80%83The-Role-of-SocialTrust-and-Siegrist-Cvetkovich/ac7139ee71164688d8f3e50134ff3efd27487f8c

Original Reference: Fetzer, T., Witte, M., Hensel, L., Jachimowicz, J., Haushofer, J., Ivchenko, A. et al (2020), ‘Perceptions of an insufficient government response at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with lower mental well-being’, PsyArXiv, 16 April

Brief Summary: Explores public perceptions of government actions during the pandemic. Implications: Negative perceptions of government responses can harm public trust, impacting rural regions differently. Recommendations: RAPs should address trust-building through transparent, community-driven initiatives in rural areas.

URL: Government Response to COVID-19

Original Reference: Mueller, J. (1970), ‘Presidential popularity from Truman to Johnson’, American Political Science Review, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 18–34

Brief Summary: Examines the relationship between presidential popularity and political trust. PoliRuralPlus could use similar studies to address political trust issues in rural-urban governance frameworks by promoting transparent, inclusive decision-making processes.

URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-sciencereview/article/abs/presidential-popularity-from-truman-tojohnson1/FBA184821B05C29F50256634B50440A8