References

Original Reference: Kreps, S. E. and Kriner, D. L. (2020), ‘Model uncertainty, political contestation, and public trust in science: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic’, Science Advances, Vol. 6, No. 43, eabd4563

Brief Summary: This paper discusses the importance of building climate resilience while ensuring environmental justice. PoliRuralPlus pilots can focus on equitable climate adaptation strategies to ensure that both rural and urban communities benefit from resilience efforts.

URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abd4563

Original Reference: Nielsen, R. K., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A. and Simon, F. (2020), Communications in the coronavirus crisis: Lessons for the second wave, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford, UK.

Brief Summary: Explores communication strategies during the COVID-19 crisis. PoliRuralPlus can leverage similar crisis communication strategies to enhance resilience in rural-urban governance, ensuring clear information flow during emergencies.

URL: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/202010/Nielsen_et_al_Communications_in_the_Coronavirus_Crisis_FINAL_0.pdf

Original Reference: Toshkov, D., Carroll, B. and Yesilkagit, K. (2022), ‘Government capacity, societal trust or party preferences: What accounts for the variety of national policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe?’ Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 1–20

Brief Summary: This report provides insights into how community engagement can foster better rural-urban relationships. Implication: PoliRuralPlus should prioritize community-driven initiatives to strengthen rural-urban collaboration and ensure local buy-in for development projects.

URL: https://osf.io/7chpu

Original Reference: Romano, A., Spadaro, G., Balliet, D., Joireman, J., Van Lissa, C., Jin, S. et al (2021), ‘Cooperation and trust across societies during the COVID-19 pandemic’, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 622–642.

Brief Summary: Examines social trust during the pandemic. Implications: Strengthens RAPs' focus on social cohesion between rural and urban communities. Recommendations: Build trust-based networks in RAPs to enhance cooperation across regions​.

URL: https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/cooperation-and-trust-across-societies-during-thecovid-19-pandem

Original Reference: Crepaz, M. and Arikan, G. (2021), ‘Information disclosure and political trust during the COVID-19 crisis: Experimental evidence from Ireland’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, Vol. 31, pp. 96–108.

Brief Summary: This book examines how cooperation between regions can occur even in the absence of strong trust, focusing on strategies to overcome barriers to collaboration. Implications: Trust-building is important for rural-urban partnerships, but cooperation can still be achieved through well-structured agreements and incentives. Recommendations: In regional action plans, prioritize building cooperative frameworks between rural and urban areas that include clear roles, incentives, and accountability mechanisms. Create opportunities for trust-building through joint projects, exchanges, and open communication channels.

URL: Cooperation Without Trust?

Original Reference: Amat, F., Arenas, A., Falcó-Gimeno, A. and Muñoz, J. (2020), ‘Pandemics meet democracy. Experimental evidence from the COVID-19 crisis in Spain’, SocArXiv, 6 April.

Brief Summary: Investigates COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Suggests integrating public health initiatives in PoliRuralPlus pilots to address health inequalities in rural-urban contexts, ensuring effective communication and trust-building.

URL: Cambridge Journal of Psychological Medicine

Original Reference: Johansson, B., Hopmann, D. N. and Shehata, A. (2021), ‘When the rally-around-the-flag effect disappears, or, when the COVID-19 pandemic becomes “normalized”’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, Vol. 31, pp. 321–334.

Brief Summary: Analyses public sentiment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications: Insights can inform regional resilience planning. Recommendations: Incorporate flexible strategies to adapt to evolving public sentiments and needs in rural-urban policy frameworks.

URL: https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/when-the-rally-around-the-flag-effectdisappears-or-when-the-covi

Original Reference: Xu, S. and Li, Y. (2020), ‘Beware of the second wave of COVID-19’, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10233, pp. 1321–1322.

Brief Summary: Explores the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate mental health services and support into regional planning to address the long-term impacts of the pandemic, ensuring equitable access to mental health resources across rural and urban areas.

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32277876/

Original Reference: Delhey, J., Steckermeier, L. C., Boehnke, K., Deutsch, F., Eichhorn, J., Kuhnen, U. and Welzel, C. (2021), A virus of distrust? Existential insecurity and trust during the corona-virus pandemic, DSS working paper No. 80, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg.

Brief Summary: This article assesses how COVID-19 affected regional health systems, with a focus on rural areas. It emphasizes the need for RAPs to strengthen health infrastructure and resilience in rural regions, aligning with PoliRuralPlus’s objective to promote robust, resilient health services across rural-urban linkages post-pandemic.

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450381/

Original Reference: JRC (Joint Research Centre) (undated), ECML Covid – Measures, web page, available at https://covidstatistics.jrc.ec.europa.eu/RMeasures (accessed 27 July 2022).

Brief Summary: Presents data on the COVID-19 response measures across regions in the EU. Implications: The pandemic has highlighted the importance of resilient rural-urban cooperation. Recommendations: Future RAPs should integrate lessons from COVID-19, focusing on preparedness, cross-border coordination, and strengthening health systems in rural regions to ensure they are not left behind in times of crisis.

URL: https://covidstatistics.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Rmeasures

Original Reference: Bargain, O. and Aminjonov, U. (2020), ‘Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19’, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 192, No. C.

Brief Summary: Discusses societal lockdown impacts during COVID-19. Recommendation: Future PoliRuralPlus initiatives should focus on increasing rural resilience in times of crisis, particularly in healthcare and food supply chains, to ensure stronger rural-urban linkages in response to pandemics and other shocks.

URL: Forskning RUC

Original Reference: Ritchie, H., Mathieu, E., Rodés-Guirao, L., Appel, C., Giattino, C., Ortiz-Ospina, E. et al (2020b), COVID-19 Stringency Index, web page, available at https://ourworldindata.org/covid-stringencyindex#citation, accessed on 27 July 2022.

Brief Summary: Analyzes policy responses to the pandemic. Implications: Highlights the impact of COVID-19 on rural-urban dynamics. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate adaptive measures for pandemic resilience and future disruptions​​.

URL: https://ourworldindata.org/covid-stringencyindex

Original Reference: Murphy, K., McCarthy, M., Sargeant, E. and Williamson, H. (2022), ‘COVID-19 conspiracies, trust in authorities, and duty to comply with social distancing restrictions’, International Criminology, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 44–58

Brief Summary: Explores the relationship between public trust in authorities and compliance with health policies during the pandemic. PoliRuralPlus can use these insights to improve rural-urban health governance and public communication​(

URL: https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/covid-19-conspiracies-trust-in-authorities-and-dutyto-comply-wit

Original Reference: Wilder-Smith, A. B. and Qureshi, K. (2020), ‘Resurgence of measles in Europe: A systematic review on parental attitudes and beliefs of measles vaccine’, Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 46–58.

Brief Summary: Reviews the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare systems in urban and rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on strengthening rural healthcare infrastructure and integrating digital health services to mitigate future public health crises across rural and urban regions.

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32175710/

Original Reference: Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., Goble, R. et al (1988), ‘The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework’, Risk Analysis, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 177–187

Brief Summary: This document analyzes cross-border collaboration for regional development, stressing the importance of integrated policies across borders. PoliRuralPlus can adopt similar cross-border cooperation strategies to enhance regional cohesion.

URL: https://d-nb.info/1117136590/34

Original Reference: Eurofound (2014), Developing a country typology for analysing quality of life in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

Brief Summary: This report develops a typology for analyzing quality of life across European countries. RAPs should aim to improve quality of life in rural regions by focusing on key factors such as health, education, and access to services. PoliRuralPlus pilots can use this typology to address regional disparities and enhance quality of life in rural-urban regions.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/publications/2014/developing-country-typology-analysingquality-life-europe

Original Reference: Diamond, L. (1999), Developing democracy: Toward consolidation, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Brief Summary: This book examines the role of democratic governance in rural and urban areas. RAPs should foster inclusive, democratic governance that brings rural and urban stakeholders together, promoting participatory policy-making processes. This aligns with PoliRuralPlus objectives for strengthening governance structures in pilot regions.

URL: https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/1437/developing-democracy

Original Reference: Eurofound (2018), Societal change and trust in institutions, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

Brief Summary: This report looks at the impact of digitalization on job quality in Europe. RAPs should support digital transformation in rural areas by improving digital skills and infrastructure. PoliRuralPlus pilots can benefit from integrating digitalization strategies that enhance job quality and expand employment opportunities across rural-urban regions.

URL: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/system/files/2018-12/ef18036en.pdf

Original Reference: Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C. R., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L. J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A. M. et al (2020), ‘Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world’, Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 23, No. 7–8, pp. 994–1006

Brief Summary: This article explores the effects of natural disasters on rural-urban dynamics. For RAPs, it emphasizes the need for disaster preparedness and resilience-building across regions. PoliRuralPlus pilots should focus on integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into regional plans to protect rural and urban areas from future shocks.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/disa.12077

Original Reference: ECDC (2020b), Outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Italy, threat assessment brief, Stockholm

Brief Summary: This report provides an overview of COVID-19’s impact in Italy, with a focus on public health responses. RAPs should incorporate lessons from this report to improve health system resilience in both rural and urban regions. PoliRuralPlus pilots can integrate health preparedness into their regional plans, enhancing pandemic response and recovery efforts.

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/outbreak-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid19-situation-italy