References

Original Reference: Mitze, T. and J. Reinkowski (2011), “Testing the neoclassical migration model: overall and age-group specific results for German regions”, Zeitschrift fur Arbeitsmarktforschung, Vol. 43/4, pp. 277-297

Brief Summary: Reviews the labor market dynamics in rural areas and its linkages with urban economies. PoliRuralPlus should create employment strategies that improve job opportunities in rural-urban transitions.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/S12651-010-0046-2/TABLES/9

Original Reference: Niebuhr, A. et al. (2011), “Does labour mobility reduce disparities between regional labour markets in Germany?”, Regional Studies, Vol. 46/7, p. 1

Brief Summary: Examines how regional economies can grow by fostering knowledge exchange between rural and urban areas. PoliRuralPlus should focus on enhancing knowledge networks and collaborations between rural-urban areas to drive innovation and economic growth.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.532118

Original Reference: Fassmann H, Rauhut D, Costa EMd, et al. (2015) Introduction: contextual, legal and policy perspectives on services of general interest. In: Fassmann H, Rauhut D, Marques da Costa E, et al. (eds) Services of General Interest and Territorial Cohesion: European Perspectives and National Insights. Vienna, Austria: Vienna University Press, 11–24. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Focuses on the legal aspects of providing essential services (like transport and healthcare) to rural areas. Implications: Access to basic services is crucial for rural sustainability. Recommendations: RAPs should ensure legal and policy frameworks are in place to guarantee service delivery in rural areas, linking them to urban systems where needed.

URL: Contextual, Legal and Policy Perspectives on Services of General Interest

Original Reference: NETWORKS AND RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES FOR RURAL INNOVATION © OECD 2023 Westlund, H. & Bolton, R. (2003), Local social capital and entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 21, 77– 113

Brief Summary: Examines the role of social capital in entrepreneurship, particularly how local networks foster business success. PoliRuralPlus should enhance rural-urban entrepreneurial networks to drive economic growth and innovation in rural areas by leveraging local social capital​(

URL: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024009072

Original Reference: Porter, M. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: The Free Press

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of location in fostering competitive advantages. Recommendations: RAPs should encourage the creation of competitive clusters in rural-urban regions, leveraging local strengths in innovation and encouraging cross-border cooperation for economic development.

URL: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=34977

Original Reference: Arnold, J., G. Nicoletti and S. Scarpetta (2008), “Regulation, Allocative Efficiency and Productivity in OECD Countries: Industry and Firm-Level Evidence”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 616, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: Provides metrics and tools to measure rural-urban integration. Suggests implementing these measurement tools in PoliRuralPlus pilots to assess and optimize rural-urban linkages.

URL: OECD Rural-Urban Data

Original Reference: ANPP, France Clusters, INRA (2016), Clusters et territoires locaux (Memento 2), December 2016

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of economic clusters in strengthening rural-urban partnerships. Recommends promoting economic clustering in rural areas to improve competitiveness and innovation, relevant to PoliRuralPlus rural development strategies.

URL: France Clusters PDF

Original Reference: Guichard, ., C. Özgüzel and L. Kleine-Rueschkamp (forthcoming), “Migrants and patenting across OECD counties”, OECD Regional Development Working Papers

Brief Summary: Examines the link between migration and innovation, especially in rural-urban contexts. PoliRuralPlus should focus on integrating migrants into rural innovation systems, fostering economic development and rural-urban collaboration.

URL: https://books.google.ie/books?id=pm3jEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=Guichard,+.,+C.+%C3%96zg%C3%BCzel+and+L.+Kleine-Rueschkamp+(forthcoming),+%E2%80%9CMigrants+and+patenting+across+OECD+counties%E2%80%9D,+OECD+Regional+Development+Working+Papers&source=bl&ots=eRbq1maRxz&sig=ACfU3U1pmK4UbGu8z3ULlCayqoQeAAwajw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiq-sbu8MSHAxWgW0EAHRgMG4IQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Guichard%2C%20.%2C%20C.%20%C3%96zg%C3%BCzel%20and%20L.%20Kleine-Rueschkamp%20(forthcoming)%2C%20%E2%80%9CMigrants%20and%20patenting%20across%20OECD%20counties%E2%80%9D%2C%20OECD%20Regional%20Development%20Working%20Papers&f=false

Original Reference: Federal Institute for Population Research (2022), Wanderungsverluste der Städte erreichen das hohe Niveau der 1990er Jahre

Brief Summary: Examines recent urban-to-rural migration trends in Germany, with cities losing population to rural regions. Implications: Highlights a reversal of typical rural-to-urban migration. Recommendations: RAPs should take advantage of this trend by enhancing rural attractiveness and ensuring that rural areas are well-equipped with infrastructure and services to accommodate incoming populations.

URL: German Cities Migration Trends

Original Reference: Markham C, Bosworth G (2016) The village pub in the twenty-first century: embeddedness and the “Local”. In: Cabras I., Higgins D., Preece D (eds) Brewing, Beer and Pubs: A Global Perspective. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 266–281. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of multilevel governance in managing rural-urban interactions. PoliRuralPlus can use this model to foster better coordination between local, regional, and national levels.

URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137466181_14

Original Reference: Moseley MJ, Parker G, Wragg A (2004) Multi-service outlets in rural England: the co-location of disparate services. Planning Practice and Research 19(4): 375–391. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This paper examines the co-location of public services in rural England. For PoliRuralPlus, integrating co-location models in RAPs could enhance the accessibility of essential services in rural areas, thus improving rural-urban connectivity and sustainability.

URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240239271_Multi-Service_Outlets_in_Rural_England_The_Colocation_of_Disparate_Services

Original Reference: Wear, A. (2008), Innovation and community strength in provincial Victoria, Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2008

Brief Summary: Examines how environmental crises affect business and economies in rural and urban areas. Recommendations: RAPs should integrate risk management strategies for natural hazards and environmental risks, ensuring that both rural and urban areas can recover and thrive despite ecological threats.

URL: https://www.weforum.org/reports/nature-risk-rising-why-the-crisis-engulfing-nature-matters-for-business-and-the-economy/

Original Reference: Causa, O., M. Abendschein and M. Cavalleri (2021), “The laws of attraction: Economic drivers of inter-regional migration, housing costs and the role of policies”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1679, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: The report explores digital government strategies to foster regional development and innovation, focusing on the role of digitalization in improving public services and governance. Implications: Digital government can improve service delivery in rural areas, strengthening rural-urban connections. Recommendations: Integrate digital government solutions into regional action plans, enhancing public service delivery and governance, particularly in rural areas, through digital platforms and improved connectivity.

URL: OECD Digital Government Strategies

Original Reference: OECD (2020), OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2020, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: Provides a framework for assessing how regions can achieve green growth. PoliRuralPlus pilots should adopt these indicators to ensure that rural development strategies are aligned with sustainability goals.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/959d5ba0-en

Original Reference: Enhancing Rural Innovation in Scotland, United Kingdom | OECD iLibrary (oecd-ilibrary.org)

Brief Summary: This policy note emphasizes the importance of innovation in promoting rural resilience and economic growth. RAPs should adopt innovation-driven policies to improve rural competitiveness, focusing on sectors like agriculture, renewable energy, and digital infrastructure. PoliRuralPlus pilots can use this to enhance rural-urban economic interactions.

URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/33b8c803-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/33b8c803-en

Original Reference: Rural-innovation-background.pdf (oecd.org)

Brief Summary: Offers guidance on crafting effective rural development policies. Recommendations: RAPs should be tailored to the specific needs of rural areas, fostering collaboration between rural and urban regions while emphasizing sustainability, innovation, and inclusive development.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/fr/regional/oecd-principles-rural-policies.htm

Original Reference: Potter, J. (2001), Embedding foreign direct investment, Paris, OECD

Brief Summary: Discusses frameworks for successful rural-urban partnerships. Recommendations: RAPs should follow OECD guidelines to strengthen governance between rural and urban regions, focusing on shared services, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability initiatives.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regionaldevelopment/2489910.pdf

Original Reference: https://www.oecd.org/regional/

Brief Summary: This platform provides insights into regional development, including urban and rural policy analysis, territorial cohesion, and regional disparities. Implications: Tackling regional inequalities requires coordinated policies. Recommendations: RAPs should leverage OECD's place-based approaches to develop tailored strategies that promote balanced regional development, enhancing rural-urban linkages.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/regional/

Original Reference: Galindo-Rueda, F., F. Verger and S. Ouellet (2020), “Patterns of innovation, advanced technology use and business practices in Canadian firms”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2020/02, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: Provides an economic outlook for rural and urban regions, emphasizing the need for balanced regional development. Implications: Economic disparities between rural and urban areas require targeted policy interventions. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on reducing economic inequalities through investments in rural infrastructure, technology, and employment opportunities.

URL: OECD: Regional Economic Outlook

Original Reference: Networks and Rural-Urban Linkages for Rural Innovation (oecd-ilibrary.org)

Brief Summary: Provides insights into how innovation thrives through rural-urban collaboration. PoliRuralPlus should facilitate policies that strengthen these networks to enhance local innovation and regional growth.

URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/4928f26b-en.pdf