References

Original Reference: NETWORKS AND RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES FOR RURAL INNOVATION © OECD 2023 OECD (2019), Regions in Industrial Transition: Policies for People and Places, OECD Regional Development Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/c76ec2a1-en. [78

Brief Summary: Examines how regions can prepare for future economic and environmental challenges. PoliRuralPlus should integrate future-ready policies that anticipate global trends and adapt regional action plans accordingly.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/c76ec2a1-en

Original Reference: Garcilazo, J. and J. Oliveira Martins (2020), “New Trends in Regional Policy: Place-Based [14 | 37 NETWORKS AND RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES FOR RURAL INNOVATION © OECD 2023 Component and Structural Policies”, in Handbook of Regional Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36203-3_139-1.

Brief Summary: Focuses on governance structures for managing rural-urban linkages, particularly in resource management and service delivery. Implications: Strong governance is essential for successful rural-urban integration. Recommendations: RAPs should emphasize multi-level governance models to ensure efficient resource management and equitable service provision between rural and urban areas.

URL: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36203-3_139-1

Original Reference: OECD/EC (2021), “Supporting Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Higher Education in Sweden”, HEInnovate series

Brief Summary: This report provides insights on fostering higher education's role in innovation. Implications: Higher education can be a catalyst for rural development through innovation. Recommendations: Leverage universities and research institutions as hubs for innovation in rural areas within RAPs, focusing on knowledge transfer and partnerships with local stakeholders.

URL: https://heinnovate.eu/sites/default/files/shared_file/OECD_EC_HEInnovate%20country%20review_Sweden.pdf

Original Reference: Martinidis, G. et al. (2021), How Clusters Create Shared Value in Rural Areas: An Examination of Six Case Studies, Sustainability 2021, 13, 4578

Brief Summary: Discusses how business clusters support rural development through shared value creation. For PoliRuralPlus, promoting rural business clusters can enhance economic competitiveness and foster sustainability across rural-urban regions​(

URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084578

Original Reference: Ritala P, Almpanopoulou A (2017) In defense of ‘eco’ in innovation ecosystem. Technovation 60-61: 39–42. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Discusses eco-innovation as a tool for sustainable development. Implications: Encourages RAPs to integrate eco-innovations for balanced growth. Recommendations: Promote green entrepreneurship in PoliRuralPlus pilot regions to improve rural attractiveness​​.

URL: https://lutpub.lut.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/160579/ritala_et_al_in_defense_of_eco_post-print.pdf

Original Reference: Fadic, M. et al. (2019), “Classifying small (TL3) regions based on metropolitan population, low density and remoteness”, OECD Regional Development Working Papers, No. 2019/06, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: Provides insights into policies fostering inclusive economic growth in rural regions. Implications: Rural development policies must focus on inclusivity to address disparities. Recommendations: RAPs should promote policies that support job creation, education, and access to services in rural areas.

URL: OECD: Inclusive Rural Economies

Original Reference: Gkartzios M, Lowe P (2019) Revisiting neo-endogenous rural development. In: Scott M, Gallent N, Gkartzios M (eds) The Routledge Companion to Rural Planning. New York, NY: Routledge. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Analyzes governance models for fostering rural-urban inclusivity. Recommends that PoliRuralPlus integrates multi-stakeholder governance frameworks to address the needs of both rural and urban populations in their RAPs.

URL: https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/250711

Original Reference: Skerratt S (2010) Hot spots and not spots: addressing infrastructure and service provision through combined approaches in rural Scotland. Sustainability 2: 1719–1741. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Identifies gaps in infrastructure and service provision in rural areas. Implications: Addressing these gaps is crucial for rural development and connectivity. Recommendations: RAPs should prioritize closing infrastructure gaps to ensure rural areas are not left behind in development initiatives.

URL: https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/en/publications/hot-spots-and-not-spots-addressing-infrastructure-and-service-pro

Original Reference: https://ruralpact.rural-vision.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-12/The%20Innovating%20Communities%20project%20design%20thinking%20for%20rural%20Ireland.pdf

Brief Summary: This document highlights how design thinking has been used in rural Ireland to address local challenges and foster innovation. Implications: Design thinking can encourage creative solutions to rural issues. Recommendations: RAPs should incorporate design thinking methodologies to foster local innovation and address complex rural-urban challenges .

URL: https://ruralpact.rural-vision.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-12/The%20Innovating%20Communities%20project%20design%20thinking%20for%20rural%20Ireland.pdf

Original Reference: OECD (2007), Competitive Regional Clusters: National Policy Approaches, OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: Focuses on how rural areas can leverage innovation to drive economic and social development. The paper recommends that rural policies focus on diversifying the rural economy and fostering entrepreneurship. PoliRuralPlus can apply these principles by supporting innovative rural business models and encouraging regional networks to enhance collaboration between urban and rural enterprises.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264031838-en

Original Reference: Hamaguchi, N. and K. Kondo (2016), “Fresh Brain Power and Quality of Innovation in Cities: Evidence from the Japanese patent database”

Brief Summary: Examines the role of intellectual property and innovation in economic development. PoliRuralPlus should include IP-focused strategies in RAPs to enhance innovation capacities in rural areas and create stronger urban-rural economies.

URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311678466_Fresh_Brain_Power_and_Quality_of_Innovation_in_Cities_Evidence_from_the_Japanese_patent_database

Original Reference: Innovation & knowledge exchange | EIP-AGRI Newsletter (sendibm1.com)

Brief Summary: This OECD report highlights the role of innovation in transforming rural economies, emphasizing the need for place-based strategies and tailored support for rural enterprises. Implications: Innovation can unlock rural potential, but strategies must be tailored to the specific characteristics of each region. Recommendations: RAPs should include initiatives to support rural SMEs, promote digital infrastructure, and foster cross-sector collaborations to strengthen rural-urban synergies.

URL: https://776c9.r.a.d.sendibm1.com/mk/mr/sh/SMJz09SDriOHWnrdEUdv4nhXXpAK/fAeY52356tP3

Original Reference: Hall, B. (2004), Innovation and Diffusion, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

Brief Summary: Examines how innovation drives regional economic growth. PoliRuralPlus should include innovation hubs in RAPs to foster entrepreneurship, particularly in rural areas, and bridge the economic gap between rural and urban regions.

URL: https://doi.org/10.3386/w10212

Original Reference: Pekkala Kerr, S. and W. Kerr (2020), “Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: Evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012”, Research Policy, Vol. 49/3, p. 103918

Brief Summary: Analyzes how agricultural innovation affects rural development and sustainability. Implications: Innovations in agriculture are key to strengthening rural economies. Recommendations: Prioritize agricultural innovations in RAPs to boost productivity, environmental sustainability, and economic diversification in rural-urban regions.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.103918

Original Reference: Goetz, S. and Y. Han (2020), “Latent innovation in local economies”, Research Policy, Vol. 49/2, p. 103909, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2019.103909. [5

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of innovation policies in achieving sustainable development in rural and urban areas. PoliRuralPlus should integrate innovation-focused policies in RAPs to promote entrepreneurship, digitalization, and green technologies, helping to build sustainable rural-urban economies.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2019.103909

Original Reference: OECD (2015), The Metropolitan Century: Understanding Urbanisation and its Consequences, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: Discusses how rural regions can foster innovation by focusing on their specific assets and integrating into broader innovation ecosystems. PoliRuralPlus should focus on building local capacities, enhancing digital infrastructure, and supporting knowledge-sharing networks across regions.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264228733-en

Original Reference: Diemer, A. and T. Regan (2022), “No inventor is an island: Social connectedness and the geography of knowledge flows in the US”, Research Policy, Vol. 51/2, p. 104416

Brief Summary: This paper explores the role of innovation policy in shaping regional development. For RAPs, it suggests focusing on innovation ecosystems that connect rural and urban areas, promoting economic diversification and resilience, which is highly relevant for PoliRuralPlus in fostering sustainable, innovative rural-urban linkages.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104416

Original Reference: European Commission (2013) Guide to Social Innovation. DG Regional and Urban Policy. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eip/ageing/file/759/download_en%3Ftoken=mNGSe_T7 (accessed 27 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This document provides insights into innovative solutions for active and healthy aging in the EU. RAPs should promote healthcare access and healthy living in rural areas to accommodate aging populations. PoliRuralPlus pilots can support aging populations in rural regions through telemedicine, healthcare infrastructure, and active aging programs.

URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eip/ageing/file/759/download_en%3Ftoken=mNGSe_T7

Original Reference: Buzard, K. and G. Carlino (2013), The geography of research and development activity in the US, Edward Elgar Publishing

Brief Summary: This book discusses emerging issues in regional development, such as innovation, governance, and sustainable development. It provides insights into how regions can respond to global and local challenges. Implications for PoliRuralPlus include addressing these emerging issues through innovative regional policies. Recommendations include adopting governance frameworks that enhance collaboration between rural and urban regions, promoting innovation, and fostering sustainable economic growth through tailored RAPs.

URL: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782549000.00026

Original Reference: Jaumotte, F., K. Koloskova and S. Saxena (2016), “Impact of Migration on Income Levels in Advanced Economies”, Spillover Notes, Vol. 2016/008

Brief Summary: The report highlights economic trends in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on the rural-urban divide. Implications: While focused on Africa, lessons on managing the rural-urban divide through targeted investments and economic reforms are applicable to European contexts. Recommendations: RAPs should promote targeted investments in rural infrastructure, education, and health services, using data to identify gaps and improve rural economic resilience, drawing on lessons from international contexts.

URL: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475545913.062.A001