References

Original Reference: OECD (2021), Regional Innovation in Piedmont, Italy: From Innovation Environment to Innovation Ecosystem, OECD Regional Development Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris

Brief Summary: This report outlines how rural innovation can enhance well-being in remote areas, emphasizing the importance of digital infrastructure and local collaboration. Implications: PoliRuralPlus can leverage these ideas by focusing on fostering rural innovation ecosystems, particularly in digital connectivity. Recommendations: Invest in digital infrastructure, promote local collaboration, and connect rural SMEs to innovation networks.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/7df50d82-en

Original Reference: Shearmur, R. and D. Doloreux (2016), “How open innovation processes vary between urban and remote environments: slow innovators, market-sourced information and frequency of interaction”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 28/5-6, pp. 337-357

Brief Summary: Discusses how entrepreneurship can drive innovation and growth in rural regions. Implications: Rural entrepreneurship is key to revitalizing rural economies. Recommendations: Encourage entrepreneurial initiatives in RAPs to foster rural economic development and strengthen urban-rural economic linkages.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1154984

Original Reference: Cooke, P. (2007), Regional innovation, entrepreneurship and talent systems, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 7, Nos. 2/3/4/5, pp.117–139

Brief Summary: This article examines how entrepreneurship and innovation contribute to regional development and economic growth in both rural and urban contexts. Implications: Supporting entrepreneurship can stimulate economic growth in rural regions and enhance rural-urban economic ties. Recommendations: Develop entrepreneurial ecosystems in regional action plans, supporting rural businesses with access to capital, mentorship, and markets. Foster collaboration between rural and urban entrepreneurs to drive innovation and create synergies in the regional economy.

URL: Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Original Reference: ESPON (2012), ATTREG - Attractiveness of European Regions and Cities for Residents and Visitors

Brief Summary: This project explores factors that make regions and cities attractive for investment, migration, and economic development. RAPs should focus on enhancing the attractiveness of rural regions through improved infrastructure, services, and job opportunities. PoliRuralPlus pilots can use these insights to promote rural regions as attractive places to live and work.

URL: https://www.espon.eu/programme/projects/espon2013/applied-research/attreg-attractiveness-european-regions-and-cities

Original Reference: EU CAP Network conference ‘EIP-AGRI Operational Groups: Innovation in practice’ | EU CAP Network (europa.eu)

Brief Summary: This conference highlights innovations in agriculture through the EIP-AGRI Operational Groups. RAPs should foster agricultural innovation by supporting collaborative efforts between farmers and researchers. PoliRuralPlus pilots can benefit from these innovations to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability in rural-urban regions.

URL: https://eu-cap-network.ec.europa.eu/events/eu-cap-network-conference-eip-agri-operational-groups-innovation-practice_en

Original Reference: EC (2020), EU Action for Smart Villages, European Commission

Brief Summary: This document discusses strategies for revitalizing small villages through rural development initiatives. RAPs should prioritize enhancing infrastructure, services, and economic opportunities in small villages, ensuring strong rural-urban linkages. PoliRuralPlus pilots can focus on rural attractiveness and demographic retention using these strategies.

URL: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/food-farming-fisheries/key_policies/documents/rurdev-small-villages_en.pdf

Original Reference: EC (2021), Launch of the Start-up Village Forum: delivering the vision for EU’s rural areas, Press Release, 16 November 2021, Brussels

Brief Summary: This press release discusses the allocation of COVID-19 recovery funds in Europe. RAPs should focus on using recovery funds to rebuild rural and urban economies, emphasizing resilience and sustainable development. PoliRuralPlus pilots can align their regional action plans with EU funding opportunities for post-pandemic recovery.

URL: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_6051

Original Reference: Melitz, M. and S. Polanec (2015), “Dynamic Olley-Pakes productivity decomposition with entry and exit”, The RAND Journal of economics, Vol. 46/2

Brief Summary: Explores EU policies aimed at promoting balanced regional growth. PoliRuralPlus should leverage these policies to support balanced rural-urban economic development.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-2171.12088

Original Reference: European Commission (2004) White paper on services of general interest. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:l23013b&from=EN (accessed 27 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This directive provides a framework for water management in Europe. RAPs should ensure sustainable water management practices are applied in rural areas to protect ecosystems and agricultural productivity. PoliRuralPlus pilots can integrate these practices into regional plans to ensure long-term water security and environmental resilience.

URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM

Original Reference: EC (2021), European Expert Group on clusters: Recommendation report, EU Publications, 2 March 2021

Brief Summary: This report offers recommendations for fostering innovation clusters across Europe. RAPs should focus on creating innovation clusters that connect rural and urban areas, boosting economic development and technological advancement. PoliRuralPlus can leverage these strategies to enhance collaboration and innovation in pilot regions.

URL: https://clustercollaboration.eu/sites/default/files/news_attachment/European%20Expert%20Group%20on%20Clusters%20-%20Recommendation%20Report.pdf

Original Reference: ENoLL (European Network of Living Labs) (2016) What are Living Labs? (ENoLL). 2016. Available at: https://enoll.org/about-us/(accessed 23 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: ENoLL supports the development of living labs to drive user-centered innovation. RAPs should integrate living labs in rural areas to foster collaborative innovation across rural-urban sectors. PoliRuralPlus pilots can utilize these living labs to co-create solutions for regional development, engaging stakeholders from both rural and urban areas.

URL: https://enoll.org/about-us/

Original Reference: European Commission (2017) European Pillar of Social Rights. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. Available at: https://europe-solidarity.eu/documents/social-pillar-goteborg.pdf (accessed 27 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This document outlines the social rights framework agreed at the Gothenburg Social Summit, focusing on employment, social protection, and inclusion. RAPs should integrate social protection policies to ensure that rural areas benefit from inclusive social rights. PoliRuralPlus pilots can use these principles to promote equal opportunities in rural-urban regions.

URL: https://europe-solidarity.eu/documents/social-pillar-goteborg.pdf

Original Reference: Shu, P. and C. Steinwender (2019), “The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firm Productivity and Innovation”, Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 19, pp. 39-68

Brief Summary: This article discusses technological advancement and its role in economic change. Implications: Technological advancements can be key to improving rural productivity and connectivity with urban centers. Recommendations: Use digital and technological tools in RAPs to promote rural-urban economic collaboration.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1086/699932

Original Reference: Hillyard S (2020) The enduring insignificance of a school for its village: an English case study. Journal of Rural Studies 80: 618–625. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This paper studies how urban expansion impacts rural communities. Recommendations: Prioritize land-use planning and spatial policies to mitigate negative impacts of urban sprawl on rural areas. Integrated rural-urban regional action plans should address housing, transportation, and environmental sustainability.

URL: https://journals.scholarsportal.info/details/07430167/v80icomplete/618_teioasivaecs.xml&sub=all

Original Reference: Christiaanse S, Haartsen T (2020) Experiencing place-change: a shared sense of loss after closure of village facilities. Journal of Environmental Psychology 69: 101432. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This paper discusses the social and emotional impacts of closing rural services, leading to a shared sense of loss within rural communities. Implications: Loss of rural services erodes community cohesion and weakens rural-urban ties. Recommendations: Regional action plans should prioritize maintaining essential services in rural areas to sustain community well-being and rural-urban connections. Implement policies that support service continuity or provide alternatives, such as mobile or digital services, to mitigate negative impacts.

URL: Experiencing Place Change

Original Reference: OECD (2022), Policies for improving the sustainable development impacts of investment, OECD Publishing, Paris (forthcoming)

Brief Summary: This guide explores the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in supporting development objectives, including in rural areas. Implications for PoliRuralPlus: FDI can help improve rural employment and infrastructure. Recommendation: Consider attracting sustainable FDI into rural regions for economic diversification as part of regional action plans.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2022/10/fdi-qualities-guide-for-development-co-operation_b7ac7a76/7f251bac-en.pdf

Original Reference: Maye D, Keech D, Reed M (2018). Methodological framework for case studies. Horizon 2020 ROBUST project, Deliverable 3.1. Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Provides a methodological framework for conducting case studies in rural-urban regions. For PoliRuralPlus, adopting this framework can improve research and data-driven decision-making in RAPs.

URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Methodological+framework+for+case+studies&author=D+Maye&author=D+Keech&author=M+Reed&publication_year=2018

Original Reference: NETWORKS AND RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES FOR RURAL INNOVATION © OECD 2023 OECD (2019), Regions in Industrial Transition: Policies for People and Places, OECD Regional Development Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/c76ec2a1-en. [78

Brief Summary: Examines how regions can prepare for future economic and environmental challenges. PoliRuralPlus should integrate future-ready policies that anticipate global trends and adapt regional action plans accordingly.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/c76ec2a1-en

Original Reference: Garcilazo, J. and J. Oliveira Martins (2020), “New Trends in Regional Policy: Place-Based [14 | 37 NETWORKS AND RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES FOR RURAL INNOVATION © OECD 2023 Component and Structural Policies”, in Handbook of Regional Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36203-3_139-1.

Brief Summary: Focuses on governance structures for managing rural-urban linkages, particularly in resource management and service delivery. Implications: Strong governance is essential for successful rural-urban integration. Recommendations: RAPs should emphasize multi-level governance models to ensure efficient resource management and equitable service provision between rural and urban areas.

URL: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36203-3_139-1

Original Reference: OECD/EC (2021), “Supporting Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Higher Education in Sweden”, HEInnovate series

Brief Summary: This report provides insights on fostering higher education's role in innovation. Implications: Higher education can be a catalyst for rural development through innovation. Recommendations: Leverage universities and research institutions as hubs for innovation in rural areas within RAPs, focusing on knowledge transfer and partnerships with local stakeholders.

URL: https://heinnovate.eu/sites/default/files/shared_file/OECD_EC_HEInnovate%20country%20review_Sweden.pdf