References

Original Reference: Iammarino, S. and P. McCann (2013), Multinationals and economic geography: Location, technology and innovation., Edward Elgar Publishing

Brief Summary: IBM's Innovation Studio showcases how digital technologies can bridge the rural-urban divide through digital transformation and innovation in sectors like agriculture, logistics, and healthcare. Implications: Digital transformation is crucial for enhancing rural-urban linkages and ensuring rural areas benefit from technological advancements. Recommendations: RAPs should promote digital innovation, ensuring that rural areas have access to broadband, digital tools, and training programs to foster economic growth and connectivity.

URL: https://www.ibm.com/innovationstudio

Original Reference: Iammarino, S. and P. McCann (2006), “The structure and evolution of industrial clusters: Transactions, technology and knowledge spillovers”, Research Policy, Vol. 35/7, pp. 1018-1036

Brief Summary: This paper examines the role of public policy and investment in promoting innovation in rural areas, with a focus on how urban-rural synergies can drive regional growth. Implications: Public investment and policy support are essential for fostering innovation in rural areas. Recommendations: RAPs should advocate for increased public investment in rural innovation, focusing on digital infrastructure, research, and collaboration with urban innovation hubs to support sustainable development.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2006.05.004

Original Reference: Bock BB (2016) Rural marginalisation and the role of social innovation; a turn towards nexogenous development and rural reconnection. Sociologia Ruralis 56(4): 552–573. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Explores the use of social innovation to address rural marginalization. PoliRuralPlus should incorporate social innovation strategies in rural-urban plans to combat exclusion​.

URL: https://pure.rug.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/81275895/Rural_marginalisation_and_the_role_of_social_innovation_a_turn.pdf

Original Reference: Bennett, C. (2022), Can Remote Workers Keep Venice Afloat?

Brief Summary: Discusses how Venice attracted remote workers. PoliRuralPlus could use similar strategies to attract digital nomads to rural areas.

URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-01-18/eager-for-new-residents-venice-luresremote-workers

Original Reference: Noguera Tur J, Ferrandis Martínez A (2014) Accessibility and provision of services of general interest in rural areas of the European Union: an analysis of the Eurobarometer. Boletín de la Asociación de Geografós Españoles 64: 489–493. Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Highlights the gap in service provision between urban and rural areas in the EU. Emphasizes the need for more equitable distribution of healthcare, education, and other critical services. For PoliRuralPlus pilots, ensuring access to digital services and transport solutions in rural areas can address these disparities.

URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Accessibility+and+provision+of+services+of+general+interest+in+rural+areas+of+the+European+Union%3A+an+analysis+of+the+Eurobarometer&author=J+Noguera+Tur&author=A+Ferrandis+Mart%C3%ADnez&publication_year=2014&journal=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+la+Asociaci%C3%B3n+de+Geograf%C3%B3s+Espa%C3%B1oles&pages=489-493

Original Reference: Voutilainen O, Korhonen K, Ovaska U (2021a) Kyläkauppatuki 2019–2021. Luonnonvara- ja biotalouden tutkimus 46/2021. Luonnonvarakeskus. Helsinki. Available at: http://urn.fi/URN (Last accessed 24 September 2021). Google Scholar

Brief Summary: This case study examines innovative practices for rural-urban development. Recommendations: RAPs should encourage innovation hubs, fostering collaboration between rural and urban regions through technology and knowledge sharing to address common challenges and opportunities.

URL: http://urn.fi/URN

Original Reference: Van Assche K, Beunen R, Duinevel M, et al. (2021) Adaptive methodology. Topic, theory, method and data in ongoing conversation. International Journal of Social Research Methodology., Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: The article highlights adaptive methodologies for data analysis in policy development. Implications: Flexibility and adaptability in RAPs are crucial to responding to changing rural-urban dynamics. Recommendations: RAPs should adopt flexible, data-driven approaches to allow real-time policy adjustments based on new insights.

URL: https://discovery.researcher.life/article/adaptive-methodology-topic-theory-method-and-data-in-ongoing-conversation/7cf84e97186e31e7a356f904a5a09733

Original Reference: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2018.1498769

Brief Summary: Focuses on innovation ecosystems in rural areas, addressing the role of collaboration between rural and urban stakeholders in fostering innovation. Implications: Stronger innovation ecosystems can bridge the urban-rural gap by fostering economic resilience. Recommendations: Promote rural innovation hubs and entrepreneurship through regional collaboration, fostering new business opportunities, knowledge transfer, and technology adoption in rural areas, aligning with PoliRuralPlus objectives.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2018.1498769

Original Reference: Assessing spatial disparities in Internet quality using speed tests

Brief Summary: Analyzes disparities in internet access across rural and urban areas. Suggests improving digital infrastructure in rural areas as a priority for PoliRuralPlus, especially to bridge digital divides and enhance rural-urban cooperation.

URL: OECD Report

Original Reference: Wenger E (1998) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Discusses knowledge sharing across rural-urban networks. Recommendations: RAPs should encourage the creation of knowledge networks, integrating best practices from both rural and urban regions to foster mutual development, with a focus on innovation in agriculture and technology.

URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/beyond-communities-of-practice/introduction/C6913BC98F072936B4EAFE311A3B20F2

Original Reference: Bridging the Digital Divide in G20 Countries

Brief Summary: Discusses digital inequalities between rural and urban areas in G20 countries. Recommendations: RAPs should focus on digital infrastructure development in rural areas, ensuring equitable access to technology, education, and services that can improve rural economies and livelihoods.

URL: https://www.oecd.org/digital/bridging-digital-divides-in-g20-countries-35c1d850-en.htm

Original Reference: Office for National Statistics, North Ireland. Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2021), UK Innovation Survey, 1994-2018: Secure Access, UK Data Service

Brief Summary: Longitudinal data on UK household economic and social dynamics. Implications: Understanding household trends can inform targeted rural-urban development strategies. Recommendations: Utilize similar data to track household and economic trends in pilot regions, adjusting RAPs to meet the needs of diverse communities.

URL: https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6699-7

Original Reference: Office for National Statistics (2021), Business Structure Database, 1997-2020: Secure Access data collection, UK Data Service

Brief Summary: Provides data on public attitudes toward social issues in the UK. Implications: Public sentiment is critical for shaping rural-urban policy acceptance. Recommendations: Engage communities in decision-making processes within RAPs to ensure policies are aligned with public attitudes and increase stakeholder buy-in​.

URL: https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6697-12

Original Reference: Rahman S, Tuckerman L, Vorley T, et al. (2021) Resilient research in the field: insights and lessons from adapting qualitative research projects during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20: 1–16. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Examines the role of communities of practice in fostering collaboration between rural and urban areas. Recommendations: RAPs should create platforms that facilitate the formation of rural-urban communities of practice to enhance collaborative development efforts.

URL: https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/41bd7dbf-e7ab-4551-9735-7a00701b7381/1/

Original Reference: Kerr, W. (2018), The Gift of Global Talent, Stanford University Press

Brief Summary: This paper focuses on entrepreneurship and business development in mixed rural-urban zones. PoliRuralPlus can incorporate support for local businesses to foster regional economic growth.

URL: https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/19-116_81a34674-abbe-4db0-9931-65bdb578c7ae.pdf

Original Reference: Choudhury, P. and D. Kim (2019), “The ethnic migrant inventor effect: Codification and recombination of knowledge across borders”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 40/2, pp. 203-229

Brief Summary: This study examines how businesses operate differently in rural and urban areas and the factors influencing their success. Implications: Rural businesses face unique challenges compared to urban enterprises, requiring tailored strategies. Recommendations: Regional action plans should support rural businesses by addressing issues like access to markets, technology, and skills, while fostering collaboration between rural and urban firms to create inclusive and sustainable business ecosystems.

URL: Business Strategy in Urban-Rural Contexts

Original Reference: Mapbox (2022), Mapbox Navigation Service

Brief Summary: Discusses the role of digital navigation technologies in improving regional connectivity. PoliRuralPlus should leverage digital tools to enhance accessibility and mobility between rural and urban areas.

URL: https://docs.mapbox.com/api/navigation/

Original Reference: Yin RK (2017) Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Los Angeles, CA: Sage. Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Provides methodologies for conducting case study research in rural-urban linkages. Recommendations: RAPs should use case studies to explore innovative practices in rural-urban partnerships, informing policy development based on real-world examples and evidence-based analysis.

URL: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Case+Study+Research+and+Applications%3A+Design+and+Methods&author=RK+Yin&publication_year=2017

Original Reference: StatCan (2022), Population growth in Canada’s rural areas, 2016 to 2021, Statistics Canada

Brief Summary: Provides insights into population dynamics from Canada's census, focusing on rural and urban areas. Implications: Offers data that could guide policy decisions for balanced regional development. Recommendations: RAPs should use demographic data to tailor policies that respond to rural community needs, promoting population retention and growth.

URL: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/as-sa/98-200-x/2021002/98-200-x2021002-eng.cfm

Original Reference: Gieling J, Haartsen T, Vermeij L (2019) Village facilities and social place attachment in the rural Netherlands. Rural Sociology 84(1): 66–92. Crossref Google Scholar

Brief Summary: Discusses demographic changes in rural Europe, including aging populations and youth migration. PoliRuralPlus should address these demographic challenges in RAPs by creating attractive conditions for young people in rural areas.

URL: https://pure.rug.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/90735719/Gieling_et_al_2019_Rural_Sociology.pdf